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You're welcome to try other values and see what happens. Why does the value disturb you ? The code I present represents the most common approach to embossing you're likely to find. The only issue I see with it is that a convolution filter limits what angles you can emboss at. I've started a filter that allowed embossing at any angle, but never finished it.
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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Not to second guess Christian because he's the man here, but why aren't you asking this question on the article forum? Plus - don't put your email in the message. If you leave the Notify me by e-mail checkbox selected, you'll get replies sent to you.
Deja View - the feeling that you've seen this post before.
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Hi all
I have a problem. Am tring to display data on dropdown list, i have two dropdown list. i'm displaying data on both from database. when the application starts running the first ddl will list out some data. when we select one the second ddl will display data according to that. but here the problem is, when i select one on first ddl, it is automaticaly errasing all the datas.....
i havint given any where clear command. y it ts not displaying. the problem i nly when it is connected to database. i tried a sample, it is working.
plz help me....
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Is this an ASP.NET app ? Are you binding to your datasource on postback ?
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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no
i have written the code inside if (!IsPostBack)
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And have you stepped through the code in the debugger to see at what point it loses it's values ? Is viewstate turned off ? If that's the case, then you will lose your values, as you've described.
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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no...
viewstate is on only
i tried to debug the cod
the control is not going to
private void DdlCustomer_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
y is it so....
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Well, at the level you're talking, you're really better off buying a book and working through it until you've got some core stuff down. But, msdn.microsoft.com is the MS documentation, and there's lots of articles on this site.
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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Most of the classes in ADO.NET includes a Dispose() method. I know it is called to release unmanaged objects. But when it is called, immediately the objects will be removed or it will remove only the references, and objects will be removed on the next collection cycle ?
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The unmanaged objects are released right away, that's how Dispose always works.
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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Christian Graus wrote: The unmanaged objects are released right away, that's how Dispose always works.
Thanks Christian. But what is the difference between removing reference and removing object ? If reference got removed, how it can identify which was the object in the memory ? So I felt GC will remove both reference and it's object. Right ?
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Dispose cleans up unmanaged resources. It exists apart from GC and from the collection of the object that held the unmanaged resource. The GC will remove the object, as all references have expired. At this point, Finalise is called, which should clean up the same stuff Dispose does, you call Dispose to have stuff cleared without waiting for GC.
Christian Graus - Microsoft MVP - C++
"also I don't think "TranslateOneToTwoBillionOneHundredAndFortySevenMillionFourHundredAndEightyThreeThousandSixHundredAndFortySeven()" is a very good choice for a function name" - SpacixOne ( offering help to someone who really needed it )
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Christian Graus wrote: The GC will remove the object, as all references have expired.
Ok. So it won't clear the reference alone.?
Christian Graus wrote: At this point, Finalise is called, which should clean up the same stuff Dispose does, you call Dispose to have stuff cleared without waiting for GC.
Ok, So you are telling that even if Dispose() is not called explicitly, GC will call it and dispose the unmanaged code. But AFAIK, GC won't consider the unmanaged resources. That's what they provided Dispose() to call explicitly. What do you think ?
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The standard implementation in objects with unmanaged references is to call Dispose from the destructor. If you forgot to call Dispose it will still be called from the garbage collector when it gets arround to release the object.
This does not mean you shouldn't call Dispose, just like the fact that your car has airbags doesn't mean you should crash it.
I recommend you Google C# dispose pattern[^] and read a bit about how it is implemented (including the use of a destructor).
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lmoelleb wrote: If you forgot to call Dispose it will still be called from the garbage collector when it gets arround to release the object.
See the following from MSDN
MSDN says: Do not assume that Dispose will be called. Unmanaged resources owned by a type should also be released in a Finalize method in the event that Dispose is not called.
And the design pattern says, not to call Dispose() method from Finalize. What do you say ? This makes things in confusion.
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Sorry I wasn't clear enough. With "it" I was referring to "whatever code cleans up the object", not specifically the Dispose method. I can see this was not clear the way I wrote it.
To avoid confusing statements I'll just include the standard dispose pattern here.
From memory, typing streight into the editor - syntax errors to be expected, but the pattern should be more or less correct.
<br />
class Whatever : IDisposable<br />
{<br />
~Whatever<br />
{<br />
Dispose(false); <br />
}<br />
<br />
public void Dispose()<br />
{<br />
Dispose(true);<br />
}<br />
<br />
private void Dispose(bool disposing)<br />
{<br />
if (disposing)<br />
{<br />
<br />
<br />
GC.SuppressFinalize(this)<br />
}<br />
}<br />
}<br />
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Great. So assume I am not writing the Finalizer method for my class. I just wrote only Dispose(). So will GC call the Dispose() method ? What will happen to the object that uses unmanaged references if it is not cleared on Dispose()/Finalize ?
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No, the GC will never call Dispose, hence the need for the finalizer in the first place.
Unmanaged objects that are not released will typically be released by the operating system when the process terminates. A few resource types (for example memory shared between processes) will not be released before next reboot.
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lmoelleb wrote: No, the GC will never call Dispose, hence the need for the finalizer in the first place.
Thanks. I need one more help. Will Finalize method available there for all classes by default ? If Finalize method is not there, What GC will call ?
Is it a good practice to write a Finalize method when class contains Dispose() ? But MSDN say's it's costly in performance.
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1) No, classes do not have a default finalize and if you do not add one nothing will be called.
2) A Finalizer is not needed if you have no unmanaged code to clean up (as you can see in my example, nothing happens in the finalizer if there are no unmanaged references.
3) Yes, a finalizer can impact performance - as I wrote in a comment in my example a finalizer will force the object to be promoted a generation in the garbage collector before it is released (which does not matter if it is a single object you dispose when closing the application, but for something you use a lot it is a problem).
However you will see that the call to Dispose result in a call to GC.SuppressFinalize(this) which basically disable the finalizer for the object once it has been Disposed (as we have cleaned up the references no need to call it again). This elimintes the performance hit when Disposed is used correctly (as you should always be carefull to do with objects implementing IDisposable).
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Thanks for helping. It was really worth information. Thanks again for sharing.
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lmoelleb wrote: Yes, a finalizer can impact performance - as I wrote in a comment in my example a finalizer will force the object to be promoted a generation in the garbage collector before it is released (which does not matter if it is a single object you dispose when closing the application, but for something you use a lot it is a problem).
Adding a finalizer to a class does affect perfromance, but not because it causes the object to change generations. Any classes that implement a finalizer are automatically placed on a separate finalization queue when they are created, even if you do nothing with the object and immediately call Dispose. This queue is checked each time a GC cycle runs.
lmoelleb wrote: However you will see that the call to Dispose result in a call to GC.SuppressFinalize(this) which basically disable the finalizer for the object once it has been Disposed (as we have cleaned up the references no need to call it again). This elimintes the performance hit when Disposed is used correctly (as you should always be carefull to do with objects implementing IDisposable).
Yes, the Dispose method should always include a call to GC.SupressFinalize, but it still doesn't eliminate the performance hit if your class has a finalizer. The purpose here is to prevent finalization from happening a second time unneccesarily.
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N a v a n e e t h wrote: Is it a good practice to write a Finalize method when class contains Dispose() ? But MSDN say's it's costly in performance.
You should generally avoid writing finalizers if at all possible. They are difficult to write properly and do add a performance cost to using your class.
You should take a look at this article[^] for more detailed information regarding Dispose, finalizers, and the Dispose pattern.
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First, please use the <pre> tags for large code blocks like this so it keeps the formatting.
lmoelleb wrote: To avoid confusing statements I'll just include the standard dispose pattern here.
A few points where you have really deviated from the pattern:
Your finalizer should not call Dispose, really under any circumstances. You introduce a lot of extra complexity to your resource cleanup logic by doing this and introduce a much higher chance for failure. Most of the assumptions you can make about the state of the runtime are not valid when running during finalization and most of the classes and methods are not safe to be used during finalization.
The call to GC.SupressFinalize should be in the public Dispose() method, right after the call to Dispose(true). There are probably two reasons I can give for this. One is that is simply the way the pattern is defined, which isn't an entirely helpfull answer. The other reason is that the Dispose(bool) method should be the one that encapsulates all of the cleanup logic and that this method knows wheter it is being called to do explicit cleanup or being called due to a garbage collection cycle. Because of that, the method really would need to call GC.SupressFinalize under certain conditions only. By moving the call to the public Dispose() method, those risks/concerns are removed. The ordering is still important as it ensures that GC.SupressFinalize only gets called if the Dispose operation completes successfully.
The Dispose(bool) should be protected, not private, to allow any derived classes the ability to override it.
Again, the call to GC.SupressFinalize does tell the GC that it doesn't need to finalize a second time, but this really has nothing to do with generation promotion.
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