You can use a regular expression split:
import re
string = "a/b\/c/d"
print string.split('/')
pattern = "(?<!\\\\)/"
print re.split(pattern, string)
Output:
['a', 'b\\', 'c', 'd']
['a', 'b\\/c', 'd']
(?<!\\\\)/
: Matches if the current position in the string is not preceded by a match for the back slash.