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I try to explain things in a way that the kid can see it as something to understand, not to memorize. For example:
Kid trying to count to 100 and you hear "forgetting" numbers. Explained:
You only need to repeat from 0 to 9 (and you already know that)
Once you get to 9, you move back to 0 and add 1 to the tens
then I told the name of all the tens and once I got to 100 I just said,
and now we repeat again, but with 3 numbers instead of 2,
and told the name of the hundreds until 1000
and when the numbers behind the first one are not zero... you go back to the previous "scale" and add it
so
234 = 200 + 30 + 4
The kid learned how to count to ten thousand in one afternoon.
For arithmetic I use examples on everyday routines, i.e. preparing the meal box...
How many pieces of apple do you want? 5, Ok... If I only pack 2 how many are you missing? And if I pack 9, how many additional pieces do you have?
Multiplications... writing down the equivalent in times added on the side and saying, multiplication just save time and pencil. Question back, but daddy, 3x1 you need more pencil than writing only 3... me  
If the kid is curious (and that's almost by definition of Kid), you only has to find the way that particular kid needs. Playful, logical, by heart, laws of nature... whatsoever. If you find it, the kid learns way faster.
Just try to find it.
M.D.V. 
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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Thanks. Could do many of these things if the kid were in front of me. This kid is in a different city, and I am doing Skype sessions, so need to adapt this method to an online teaching session.
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A very long time ago I found a book in the school library and read it. It was called "Quick and Easy Math" by Isaac Azimov (1964). Give it a read.
David Wright
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Great book. Thanks for sharing.
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Whatever you do, don't use some beans[^]. 
Quote: BA: Right Baldrick, let's try again shall we? This is called adding. If I have two beans, and then I add two more beans, what do I have?
B: Some beans.
BA: Yes... and no. Let's try again shall we? I have two beans, then I add two more beans. What does that make?
B: A very small casserole.
BA: Baldrick, the ape creatures of the Indus have mastered this. Now try again. One, two, three, four. So how many are there?
B: Three
BA: What?
B: And that one.
BA: Three and that one. So if I add that one to the three what will I have?
B: Oh! Some beans.
BA: Yes. To you Baldrick, the renaissance was just something that happened to other people wasn’t it?
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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Richard Deeming wrote: ape creatures of the Indus
Looks like my country India 
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Looks like the modern local name is the Sindh: Indus River - Wikipedia[^]
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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According to traditional scholars in India, Sindh is the name of the geographical region towards the east / south of the Indus river (Sindhu river). This Sindh became Hind, because the S sound became difficult to pronounce for some people. So, Sindh --> Hind. (Rather Sindh was the name given by people from other countries to this geographical region. The original name was Bhaarata, and earlier Ajanaabha. This is what is told in our age old Sanskrit scriptures).
This further became Hindu, and India (because H sound also had some pronunciation difficulties).
modified 18-Aug-23 5:23am.
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I taught all of my kids math using several methods because learning differs. Here are some:
I made worksheets with hands on them to demonstrate making 5 (fingers up + fingers down), making 10 (same concept but with both hands), and adding to 5 (using the same diagrams as for making 10)
I got a curriculum called Math U See with block-style manipulatives. This system comes with a great scope and sequence as well, the blocks are color-coded, and the lessons are all centered around "Decimal Street" which focuses on place value.
Another curriculum called Life of Fred puts math into the context of daily life in an engaging and compelling way. This is great for those who ask "When will I ever use this?" and for those who love a silly story. There are other lessons embedded in the stories as well, mostly academic, but also critical thinking and philosophical thinking.
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When we learned our multiplication tables in school, we had to stand in front of the class and recite them to a vinyl record with background music.
2 times 2 is [pause]
2 times 3 is [ pause]
…
2 times 10 is [ pause ]
We had a “tracking dog bone” with 2 thru 10 or 12.
If you recited them all correctly, then the teacher would use a hole punch to mark the number off. It was on a volunteer basis, but in hind sight, each student was super attentive to see if the reciter messed up or succeeded so the whole class was reinforcing each recital. Even people who never recited in front of the class were proficient by the end of the year.
The next year we did a 3 minute timed test everyday progressing through addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Once you aced 3 tests, you moved to the next operation.
Once you aced 12 tests, the teacher would call “pro time” at two minutes.
The tests were very simple, basically a folder that you would wrap around a sheet of paper. It had holes to write your answers. Flip it the other way and it became the grader.
I remember that my weak spot was 7x8. I would always answer 48 or maybe 54? Blocked me for weeks!
Memorize memorize memorize!
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Math Blaster 
Also.. Numberblocks (youtube)
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Our kid had a grade 2 teacher who used math as a punishment when his classroom got out of control.
Over the following years we worked past the anxiety with mathematical activities that are not obviously school work, like music and baking to name a couple.
Also: candy works well, even with adults, as an immediate reward for getting something right. We used M&M's on an empty music scale; name the note first try, eat the note.
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For me, there is no one thing that works
Some calculations are memorised, some with patterns which still requires recalling what the pattern was
9s, are related to summing the number
anything with 9 is 1 less, but 9x2 or 9+9 is memorised as 18, not the pattern of move 1 over
Some is using "simpler" math like addition to solver multiplication.
Visualisation is mixed in sometimes
And then there attempting to make it THEIR fun. Do they have lots of books. Use that, how many pages can you read in a hour. So if you have 2 hours a day. How many days will it take to read the book.
If first person shooter games, explaining the K/D ratio - how many klls to deaths you have.
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Use M&M's for addition and subtraction. When they get it right, they can eat one.
Bond
Keep all things as simple as possible, but no simpler. -said someone, somewhere
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Just reading up on the new C# record keyword and nondestructive mutation[^] and wondering:
When was a time you used this concept? Anyone? Anyone...? Bueller...? Bueller...?
Just curious.
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If it ain't in C# 3, I ain't used it. 
Added:
Back in 1996 (?) I developed a system (DEC C on OpenVMS) which ran 24x7 and controlled a manufacturing process.
It had a configuration file. I wrote a simple editor for the configuration file. After the editor read the configuration file, it held two copies: a clean one and one to modify.
When the user exited the editor it would compare the two copies. If there were changes it would save them and then signal the main process to re-read the configuration file.
If there no changes, it wouldn't save and it wouldn't signal the main process to re-read the configuration file.
(Bear in mind that OpenVMS has a versioning file system.)
modified 17-Aug-23 11:58am.
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I think you are like 4 versions behind the 8 ball, here. I know you don't care, but just saying...
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I'm with you, there's just to many moving parts. KISS
I don't think before I open my mouth, I like to be as surprised a everyone else.
PartsBin an Electronics Part Organizer - Release Version 1.1.0 JaxCoder.com
Latest Article: Simon Says, A Child's Game
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I agree. I'm actually reading through the book, C# 10 In A Nutshell - Albahari (O'Reilly pub)[^].
The book is 1058 pages long and I can't believe how many concepts are in C# now.
It's amazing and crazy. And, of course, overwhelming.
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The last I got was C# 6.0 in a nutshell and it was overwhelming.
I don't think before I open my mouth, I like to be as surprised a everyone else.
PartsBin an Electronics Part Organizer - Release Version 1.1.0 JaxCoder.com
Latest Article: Simon Says, A Child's Game
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I tried two things from C# 6 a while back, but found neither compelling enough to use it regularly.
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Yeah I'm more of a brute force programmer, I don't use a lot of fancy stuff.
Guess a carry over from using C and C++ for many years.
I don't think before I open my mouth, I like to be as surprised a everyone else.
PartsBin an Electronics Part Organizer - Release Version 1.1.0 JaxCoder.com
Latest Article: Simon Says, A Child's Game
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Yes indeed. You have to know what the feature is doing in the background and what the limitations are.
One example (not a new one of course) is the foreach loop -- in many cases, using a for loop is a better choice (when possible). I use a foreach loop only when there is no other option.
I avoid Linq because it frequently does things which I can do better.
As to C# 6 in particular:
String Interpolation just isn't anything I would ever use. Earlier this year I wrote some code which does something similar though, taking some cues from it.
C# 3 added Object and Collection Initializers (which are good), then C# 6 added Dictionary Initializers, which are really not any better and have no benefit over them as far as I can tell.
A lot of these features make it easier for an unskilled developer to get something working, but at the cost of performance or flexibility.
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The more that goes on behind the scenes the more that ccan go wrong and the harder to debug.
I don't think before I open my mouth, I like to be as surprised a everyone else.
PartsBin an Electronics Part Organizer - Release Version 1.1.0 JaxCoder.com
Latest Article: Simon Says, A Child's Game
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If I understand this correctly, we use nondestructive mutation all the time in JavaScript patterns. The most common scenario is with state management. While it may seem optimal to diff and mutate a state object, it's actually much slower in practice to run logic to figure out what's what. So, in JS land, a lot of times we'll just mutate copies of an object. If we need to diff, we can, but for every update we don't need to. It's much, much quicker.
Oh, and if anyone wants to insult JS, you better be an expert in it first.
Jeremy Falcon
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