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NewsC++ 23 to introduce module support Pin
Kent Sharkey2-Jun-22 8:01
staffKent Sharkey2-Jun-22 8:01 
GeneralRe: C++ 23 to introduce module support Pin
Greg Utas2-Jun-22 9:09
professionalGreg Utas2-Jun-22 9:09 
NewsTerminal.Gui - Cross Platform Terminal UI toolkit for .NET Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 12:46
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 12:46 
GeneralRe: Terminal.Gui - Cross Platform Terminal UI toolkit for .NET Pin
Greg Utas2-Jun-22 5:20
professionalGreg Utas2-Jun-22 5:20 
NewsVal Kilmer’s ‘Top Gun: Maverick’ return: Artificial intelligence created 40 models to revive his voice Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 12:31
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 12:31 
GeneralRe: Val Kilmer’s ‘Top Gun: Maverick’ return: Artificial intelligence created 40 models to revive his voice Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:33
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:33 
NewsTweaks to IPv4 could free up 'hundreds of millions of addresses' Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 9:01
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 9:01 
GeneralRe: Tweaks to IPv4 could free up 'hundreds of millions of addresses' Pin
trønderen1-Jun-22 13:34
trønderen1-Jun-22 13:34 
Does anyone remember what an internet was? As opposed to an intranet, that is?

If you had your education at the start of the 1980s, intranetting handled subnetworks within a single addressing domain, a single network architecture, a single protocol family. Internetting, on the other hand, handled the issues related to different addressing formats or local, uncoordinated address ranges, variations in network protocols, different basic technologies (such as POTS, ISDN, GSM).

In the network wars of the 1980s, the OSI camp did have a real internetting protocol, for uniting data networks in a way similar to the unified POTS / ISDN / GSM phone networks. You could submit traffic to an "interworking function" (IWF), specifying the destination address format and value, which might be different from your own. The IWF would forward the traffic to the identified network, and send it out with the specified address, in that network. It was NOT seen as a goal that every network should convert to the same protocols, the same address format and a single address space; the very purpose of an internet was to allow different networks to cooperate.

If you read the early RFCs on internetting - including those before v4 - you can easily see that there were people promoting the same sort of ideas even in internet IP: The IWF transmitted and received IP packets to a network rather than to an end node, and forwarded data in its local network according to the local network protocol - at a high level, very much like the OSI alternative. As we all know, those voices were fought back. The entire network world was forced to adopt a single network architecture, a single protocol family, a single homogenous address space.

If those that were forced down had rather won the internal wars in the internet camp, we would have had 4.3 billion networks available, rather than 4.3 billion endpoints. Then IPv4 would have been sufficient for a hundred years or more.

The advantage of having a world wide homogenous standard is of course that any IPv4 application may run on any IPv4 network, because it is the only thing there is. The world has proven many times that we are capable of handling a few alternatives, such as Android vs. iPhone apps, 120 vs. 220 VAC household current, motors for diesel and gasoline (even electricity!), POTS and ISDN and GSM, AA and AAA and 18650 battery cells ... There is no real reason why computer networks "must" have a single alternative, with no choices. If we had gone for a true internet, in the 'heterogenous networks' sense, we would have been able to cope.

In a sense, internet NATing is a kind of mapping an internet address onto a local address. (In principle, the local network could be using a different network technology, but that would break with the "Any network application can hook up to any network anywhere".) If NATing had been included in Internet from the very beginning, the 'Local Network Address' could have been included in the IP header, similar to the OSI IP header. Ideally, that local address should have a format code, like in OSI IP, but even without, it would have solved a great problem, although not that of heterogenous networks.

Now that 'Local Network Address' is not part of the IP packet header, all is lost, isn't it? Well, we do have a TCP header, allowing local addressing to a TCP port within a node. We could have defined a similar header - NAT would be a somewhat misleading name, but it would serve functions not unlike NAT. If a 'NAT header' is present, the IP network address would address a network (sic!), the NAT header a local node within that network (and if present, the TCP header would address a port at that local node).

If it had been done this way, we could have had a gradual transition from the old style: No NAT header => End node address, NAT header => Network address, use NAT part for local addressing. The backbone network wouldn't be affected at all. The major change would be that a sender would need an interface to the networking functions that not only would handle <host>:<port> but also <network>:<host>:<port> - with two colons in the address, the second field is put into a NAT header.

I am about 108% sure that something like this must have been discussed in the discussions that lead up to IPv6. Today, we think of addressing extensions being The Primary Reason for IPv6. If that was all there was to it, imagine how much simpler and more flexible it would have been to just add the definition of a 'NAT header' to IPv4!

Of course there is more to IPv6. But 25+ years after the first IPv6 RFCs started appearing, those other aspects of IPv6 has proved not to be fundamental. There hasn't been a very strong demand.

If a 'NAT header' had been added to IPv4 30 years ago, we could have lived with it while waiting for IPv6 to materialize. Maybe IPv6 wouldn't have happened - not in the form it has today. With address limitations solved, a new protocol would have to provide more advantages (beyond solving addressing limitations) than it does today.

It didn't happen that way. That's a pity, really.
GeneralRe: Tweaks to IPv4 could free up 'hundreds of millions of addresses' Pin
Sander Rossel1-Jun-22 20:02
professionalSander Rossel1-Jun-22 20:02 
GeneralRe: Tweaks to IPv4 could free up 'hundreds of millions of addresses' Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:32
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:32 
NewsOver 3.6 million MySQL servers found exposed on the Internet Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 9:01
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 9:01 
GeneralRe: Over 3.6 million MySQL servers found exposed on the Internet Pin
obermd2-Jun-22 3:33
obermd2-Jun-22 3:33 
GeneralRe: Over 3.6 million MySQL servers found exposed on the Internet Pin
Greg Utas2-Jun-22 5:22
professionalGreg Utas2-Jun-22 5:22 
JokeRe: Over 3.6 million MySQL servers found exposed on the Internet Pin
Kris Lantz2-Jun-22 6:01
professionalKris Lantz2-Jun-22 6:01 
GeneralRe: Over 3.6 million MySQL servers found exposed on the Internet Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:30
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:30 
NewsBill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 8:31
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 8:31 
GeneralRe: Bill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Joe Woodbury1-Jun-22 15:59
professionalJoe Woodbury1-Jun-22 15:59 
GeneralRe: Bill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 16:03
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 16:03 
GeneralRe: Bill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Sander Rossel1-Jun-22 20:01
professionalSander Rossel1-Jun-22 20:01 
GeneralRe: Bill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Marc Clifton2-Jun-22 3:40
mvaMarc Clifton2-Jun-22 3:40 
GeneralRe: Bill Gates on the next 40 years in technology Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:29
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:29 
NewsYour dev team’s ‘care amount’ can help quickly resolve conflicts Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 8:31
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 8:31 
GeneralRe: Your dev team’s ‘care amount’ can help quickly resolve conflicts Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:28
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:28 
NewsMaking the move from developer to team lead Pin
Kent Sharkey1-Jun-22 7:31
staffKent Sharkey1-Jun-22 7:31 
GeneralRe: Making the move from developer to team lead Pin
Nelek3-Jun-22 5:27
protectorNelek3-Jun-22 5:27 

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