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The Turkish I is not solved by using a standard library. All the libraries / OS can do is offer different ways of comparing and then the developer needs to choose the right one. Luckily in most cases it not too hard to figure out (if you are aware of it), but not always - and even if you are aware it is an extremely easy area to make a mistake that will not be found before someone runs it in Turkey.
Same for time zones. For example: what does it mean if only the date component is entered? Should it be seen as covering the 24 hours time period where the operation was performed? Where the server was (or other "main time-zone of the project")? Or could it be the entire 48 hour interval it is that date somewhere. Sure the libraries can help you implement the right solution, but they can't determine what is correct.
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I'll add another problem not solved "by using either the standard library function or the appropriate operating system API": Alphabetic ordering. Going beyond A-Z, different languages may have common extensions. E.g. Norwegian has '..xyzæøå', while Swedish has '...xyzåäö'. Historically, æ is the same character as ä, ø the same as ö. (In old Norwegian writing, you frequently encounter ä and ö.)
Everything is fine as long as you sort a list list of either Norwegian or Swedish words (typically: names), but what if the the list contains both Norwegian and Swedish names? Should 'Örnes' be sorted before or after 'Årnes'? Should 'Ørnes' be sorted before or after 'Årnes'? What about the Norwegian name 'Ørnes' in the old Norwegian spelling 'Örnes': Should it be sorted after 'Årnes' because the Swedes would do it that way, even though Sweden/Swedish was never in question?
You could evade the problem by saying: If you address a Norwegian audience, you sort ä and ö like æ and ø. If you address a Swedish audience, you sort æ and ø like ä and ö. If you address an English-speaking audience, how to you do the sorting?
Similar issues occur with some languages where a few double characters are sorted in special ways. I believe (correct me if I am wrong) that in Spanish, 'll' is sorted after all other 'l?'s (i.e. 'l' followed by any other character than 'l'), but before any 'm'. In French, there are numerous words of the same alphabetic characters, but with different accents; the accents have a well defined ordering sequence. In other languages, accents do not affect alphabetic ordering. So should or shouldn't you consider accents when ordering?
There is of course the ostrich (also known as 'US') solution: "Well, that is your problem!" And it is, but that doesn't solve the problem. It is still there, in spite of standard library functions and operating system APIs.
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These problems are hard for people without relevant cultural background. Hence if you want to service a certain market, you need a consultant from that market in order to iron out such problems. They usually are not hard to solve, just hard to foresee for someone outside of a particular culture. Of course, the cost of adding such quirks may be surprisingly high.
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We have a payment processor that has problems with single right quotes, and the letters with accents. I tried and failed to get the code to find the single right quotes to replace them 
I can't think of another coding problem that I was incapable of solving.
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The timezone video omitted a couple of issues that would make any sane person pull their hair out. Before the introduction of standard time zones, each community set their clock themselves, so that, for example, in Washington DC it might be 9:00 AM, but in Baltimore it might be 9:02 AM. Worse was the use of Arabic time, which survived in Saudia Arabia until 1968, but was used widely all over the middle east. In this scheme, 12:00 was set each day at sundown. Which would not only change based on latitude and longitude, but also on the day of the year. I can't even imagine trying to code for that. I'd be surprised if even the best timezone libraries handle it.
Keep Calm and Carry On
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Is Chris Maunder trying to test us whether we're paying attention or not?
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Nope, he joined the Spanish Inquisition.
Their chief weapon: surprise and fear, fear and surprise.
Their two weapons are fear and surprise...and ruthless efficiency...
Their three weapons are fear, surprise, and ruthless efficiency... and an almost fanatical devotion to Bob.
GCS/GE d--(d) s-/+ a C+++ U+++ P-- L+@ E-- W+++ N+ o+ K- w+++ O? M-- V? PS+ PE Y+ PGP t+ 5? X R+++ tv-- b+(+++) DI+++ D++ G e++ h--- r+++ y+++* Weapons extension: ma- k++ F+2 X
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Quote: There are 2 hard problems in Computer Science: caching, naming and off-by-one errors
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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