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I see XML (and even more: HTML) as a binary format. Not suitable for human consumption.
XML is OK for something generated as a binary serialization, untouched by human hands. Evaluated as such, XML qualities are mediocre. I cannot imagine any binary Tag-Length-Value format worse than XML, by any standard. XML has a single force: You can edit it using vi! (Or for that sake: cat 0 > filename  )
Not too long ago, I asked (in General Programming) for reactions to my proposal of have a friend of mine provide a lot of tabular data as Excel tables, rather than vi editable files. That was more or less universally condemned: Either, he should provide data as a vi editable text file - in the class of XML, CSV, YAML, JSON ... - or I should develop a tailor-made domain-specific data entry application, doing a complete validation of all input data. Thinking that an Excel sheet might contribute to validation, whatever checks were added, was just naive and worthless.
I accept the arguments for a data entry application, as long as we recognize that text based binary formats such as XML, CSV, YAML, and JSON, are unfit for human consumption. They are binary: You have to be concerned about the representation, with regard to use of special characters, quoting, length restrictions, ... The contents isn't free. So, let's make data entry applications that are free. How easy is that, with XML, CSV, YAML or JSON as the user level data entry format?
Once we have come that far: Why not use a truly binary format, most likely TLV based? If you admit that the user should never edit the file directly, neither with vi nor cat 0 > file, what is then the advantage of using XML, HTML, CSV, YAML, JSON, ... ?
If anyone insists on obtaining the information in an "editable" format, generating it from a binary TLV representation is usually quite trivial. For the applications I manage, I can easily provide stored information in either "editable" format, or even (to some degree) accept input in those formats. Yet, any "editable" format is secondary. Simple tree structures, those that you can easily edit using vi (or cat 0 > filename) are easily handled, but if the data structures require cross-linking, you may need to use a some domain dependent data entry (or data manipulation) tool. You just can't handle complex structures neither in XML, YAML nor JSON; they have to be managed with specialized tools.
The essential point for this discussion: XML, as well as other "editable" formats, is completely unsuitable for anything but the most primitive data entry. I'd much rather read a table of input data from an .xlsx file that I can preview in Excel than from a an XML, CSV, YAML or JSON file that I can preview in vi (or for that sake: cat filename > less).
That's me. I recognize that others recognize vi as the ultimate data manipulation tool. (In its days, managing peek and poke was also considered essential to be recognized as truly qualified.)
Sometimes, I feel like an old, stubborn, ancient grandpa. At the same time, those vi (or cat 0 > filename) guys really belong to the generation before me
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<snicker> many years ago my boss dictated that xml will be the transport format for the bank. Once you hit multi million complex records xml choked the server so that was one failed project (of many). We then converted back to csv.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity -
RAH
I'm old. I know stuff - JSOP
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Mycroft Holmes wrote: <snicker> many years ago my boss dictated that xml will be the transport format for the bank. Once you hit multi million complex records xml choked the server so that was one failed project (of many). We then converted back to csv.</snicker>
FTFY
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.
-- 6079 Smith W.
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Chris Maunder wrote: Is anyone actively using XML as a data transport format?
Jabber does.
and it's run over LOW BANDWIDTH networks too 
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Maybe I’m biased because I’ve been working with XML since it was invented, but I love it. My experience with it predates object serializers and whatnot, and I still find it simpler to roll my own much of the time to ensure that the output properly expresses the object’s purpose and usage.
I use JSON for transport where appropriate, such as pulling data into a Vue app, but whenever I need to model data in JSON, I quickly lose patience. The absence of a named root node, namespaces, and attributes leads to a pretty weak representation of the facts that does a poor job of conveying the designer’s intent.
Some have argued on this thread that XML is a binary format and not for human consumption, but I would much rather be given some XML to interpret than a bunch of JSON if I am tasked with querying the data. And a named end tag is pretty handy; not a fan of counting curly brackets!
Of course, XML is supported by a suite of very mature standardized tools, the likes of which simply don’t exist in the JSON world yet.
Cheers,
Keith
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The ability to describe, and not just store, your data and abide by a published schema while remaining flexible and easily transformable and human readable is definitely a wonderful thing. I will give you that.
cheers
Chris Maunder
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Your points are spot on. XSD is the best data description language I have encountered. I use XML Spy to create my schemas and then everything under the sun can read the schema and produce working code that is schema compliant. I was really disappointed with JSON schema, one would think they would have plagiarized from xml schema but no... perhaps the people that like JSON are dealing with flat or very limited hierarchies? Perhaps the are lacking variant nodes (choice). And perhaps they do not have to deal with patterns in strings for legacy systems?
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Every so often you come up against a problem that XML is perfectly suited to address.
Not that long ago I needed to convert hierarchical CMS data into a structured, multi-file CSV format. I was translating content between two CMSssss.
Creating an XML rendering format made exporting the content maintaining hierarchy and relationships trivial. XSLT was the ideal tool to manipulate the XML and re-write it as CSV.
Doing it as code would have taken *a lot* longer, but I had an advantage that I spent a lot of time working with XSLT in the past. This approach is definitely not for the beginner.
As a transport medium, there's better choices these days that weren't widely adopted or invented when XML was in its heyday.
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I have been using XML for data transmission and for data specification since 2000. What I like most of XML and XSD is that I can define several namespaces for different fields, this way, whenever I get a tag (e.g. <price>), it has implicity the scope of such tag, there are no doubt whether the <price> belongs to a scope or to another because it comes with its namespace (e.g. <price> can be "books" or "pencils"). If you define good XSD files, the XML will be parsed and be XSD-compliant with any language (C#, Java, Python...), serializing the XML documents into objects and viceversa.
[There are other great things of XML that I really like, but it is not the aim of this discussion.]
When I have to deal with personal data or some data regarding "money" (bills, business, purchases...) I always use XSD because I want to map the correct data into the correct field. For other, not sensible, data I use JSON.
Important note: Beware of namespaces, the most common error when parsing is when namespaces are in-lined. Some XML are produced badly and the receiver launches weird errors that make developers eventually hate XML. I think that it can be the reason for your intolerance this morning 
For data transmission, if the bandwidth is a problem, you can use EXI (Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format 1.0 (Second Edition)), which is better than compressing (gzip) JSON. But make sure that sender and receiver can manage EXI.
To sum up, JSON is very easy, but I still prefer XML/XSD for important data or data that must be signed, verified or checked.
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Yes, we use XML in my company with some complex schemas. But since the beginning we have used LiquidXML to define the schema and generate the code (C++ and C#), otherwise it would have been a nightmare. But I must admit that it works fine: the process is quick, we can easily manage versioning and performances are good. But don't look at the generated code, it's awful!
In the last developments, we now use Json (manually) but the data structures are less complex so it's not really comparable.
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I use XML as a data transport format, but I don't serialize objects. I parse the data I want to transport into XML and parse it back on the other end.
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XML can be great, but there is more to know about it than most people realize (namespaces for instance). There is a reason why .NET Core switched back from JSON to XML for projects descriptions...
When done well I think it can be close to the sweet spot between human and machine readability (if you need that). It has comments, and can natively handle many data types that JSON cannot (like dates). If bandwidth is you primary concern then perhaps you should consider binary serialization?
When done bad you get almost any of the OGC Standards[^]...
The best thing about JSON is its tight integration with Javascript, which is a nice feature (and why it "won" the web).
Mathieu Cartoixa
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I have used both XML and JSON over the years.
XML has full and proper support for XSD and great XSL. It also allows really tight security for messaging. Not had the same tightly secure messaging experience with JSON can not completely judge this! Is the a standard for doing it - I don't know.
XML appears to me to be much better able to be validated.
JSON is very quick JSON Schema seem to be quite good but not as tight as XML.
In the world where I used XML with the full security packages around the payloads (of XML) there was signing and encryption - the way to work was to peel the layers of the onion away slowly gaining greater trust as you proceeded into the payload. This works very well for confidential business messaging.
I do enjoy the simplicity of JSON but is it too simple?
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Comma delimited data is just so much easier without all the fuss. It is also more efficient...
Steve Naidamast
Sr. Software Engineer
Black Falcon Software, Inc.
blackfalconsoftware@outlook.com
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For some kinds of very simple data, some dialect of CSV may be ok. But in 3 decades of software development I've rarely found it it be an adequate solution, much less the optimal one.
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I retired after 4 decades in software engineering in 2014.
Though I used XML extensively during my career, I found it more of a nuisance than anything else. XML and JSON merely serve to add layers of software to handle the formats, making them both rather inefficient. And both are text-based.
Similarly comma-delimited data is text based as well without all of the extra meta-data and when encrypted would produce smaller files or data-packets for transmission.
For most situations, one can use comma-delimited data in the same ways as XML with a little ingenuity and without all the extra meta-data.
Steve Naidamast
Sr. Software Engineer
Black Falcon Software, Inc.
blackfalconsoftware@outlook.com
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Well, the metadata is something I find incredibly useful, and this is also why I tend to prefer XML over JSON as well when I need a robust way to transfer data of more than trivial complexity.
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I use it all the time, but I also always describe my message formats in XSD. That is the easiest way to get the code generators on all platforms to properly parse one’s messages.
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Chris Maunder wrote: as something that is not seen or edited by humans
I could've sworn when I first started reading about XML, it was being sold based on the idea that it was trivially easy for people to read and write.
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Ah, marketing...
cheers
Chris Maunder
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Chris Maunder wrote: Ah AAARGH! marketing...
FTFY.
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My favorite part is when the schema doesn't work.
XML - Another solution in search of a problem.
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My professor said that XML exists because Microsoft was afraid of being sued because JSON was to much like Java. Kid of like the same reason that C# exists. I think he was being sarcastic but am not totally sure. He did show that history of the two and which came first is debatable. Both have roots that run back a long, long time ago.
So many years of programming I have forgotten more languages than I know.
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Every big company is afraid of being sued, but I doubt that's the reason. Microsoft would more likely choose a competing solution in order to lock out a competitor. The story doesn't seem "right" but who knows.
The Microsoft of today is a very, very different company than the Microsoft of 2000. (and it makes them better and worse)
cheers
Chris Maunder
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michaelbarb wrote: My professor said that XML exists because Microsoft was afraid of being sued because JSON was to much like Java
This doesn't hold up, even if only because it seems backwards. If Wikipedia's accurate, work on XML started in 1996, and became a "W3C recommendation" in 1998, while JSON only started showing up in the "early 2000s" (granted, with some references to work starting in 1999 - but it was still very early in its design by then).
And how is JSON in any way "like Java"? One's a data storage file format. The other's a full-blown programming language.
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