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"Fallacy" is a better term for it.
The job I had before the one I have now used a home-grown "Rule-Based" system, which was interesting enough, but...
Rules had to return results as strings. 
If there was no existing rule to do what you needed, you had to implement one... in VB.net .
What I found most interesting about the system was that rules were versioned and stored as DLLs in a database.
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PIEBALDconsult wrote: What I found most interesting about the system was that rules were versioned and stored as DLLs in a database.
Ingenious! No one else would've thought of doing that*. 
*For many good reasons.
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And all in VB! 
Some very clever VB-slingers there.
I got out after a year.
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We have a SQL Server-based rules engine where I'm working. I don't know much about it, but it's all SQL, and apparently hugely complex.
".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
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You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
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When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013
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My company was already using Mendix before I started and it is powerful enough to run businesses. I see lots of developers make fun of low-code/no-code but it should be taken seriously. It is powerful.
Social Media - A platform that makes it easier for the crazies to find each other.
Everyone is born right handed. Only the strongest overcome it.
Fight for left-handed rights and hand equality.
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Most definitely. As long as your problems fit within the realm of its capabilities it can usually do everything you need it to do. Those boundary cases can be dicey though. I worked with this type of system and it was a constant battle of extending its capabilities, through code of course. Eventually it was realized the system was pointless because it really didn't serve the end goal. I had seen this in the beginning but I was ignored.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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Rick York wrote: As long as your problems fit within the realm of its capabilities it can usually do everything you need it to do.
100% true, but still true with any framework you use including .Net.
I have added API calls and all kinds of complex stuff in the mendix app. So far, it can handle anything this business has needed.
Social Media - A platform that makes it easier for the crazies to find each other.
Everyone is born right handed. Only the strongest overcome it.
Fight for left-handed rights and hand equality.
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My last job was at a major Army hospital, and they adopted both Qlikview and Tableau. I remember the demos for them were flashy and impressive. However, under the weight of the amount of data we had, both products folded like cheap suits, and working with them was a freakin nightmare.
The products were purchased because of the promise of low/no code (ostensibly to reduce costs because they could eliminate programmers, which was a weird thought, because they had dev licenses for people that modified the code), but that backfired on them. Not only did they have to keep us programmers on staff,they had the additional cost of hardware infrastructure and the sys admins to maintain said hardware (it was a full-time job for at least two people).
The cost-saving idea was also hilariously over-estimated. The software licensing cost more than all of the developers salaries, combined.
I am not impressed with said systems.
".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
-----
You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
-----
When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013
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I was always disgusted with the end user reporting tolls, Crystal, Oracle and and SQL Reporting all had them and they needed to be implemented by every client that used the reporting platform. And whenever a new report was required the developer was required to build it.
Not once have I seen the end user reporting toll ever used by and end user.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity -
RAH
I'm old. I know stuff - JSOP
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Just about every bloody framework I've ever worked with has ended like this.
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An "API" is not "code"; it's a "promise" (or maybe only a hint).
It's like saying: if Java had a "GetApple()" method, no one else can use it without paying a royalty; even though said API might:
- returned an orange instead of an apple
- picked an apple from a tree vs a bin
- also washed or peeled the apple (optional parameter with default)
- returned Adam's apple
- etc.
An API is not code; the implementation (and how it is implemented) is.
Let's see if the enlightened judiciary gets it.
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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Depending on the API, it could be a lot more than a hint. I'd want to hear arguments on both sides before making up my mind.
Maybe the sketch for a symphony would be a good analogy. Various composers have left sketches for unfinished symphonies, although the level of detail varies. One completion of Mahler's 10th symphony had its performance banned by his estate, which held the copyright.
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The symphony is an implementation that you can copyright; you can't copyright the "idea" / concept of a symphony (e.g. "romance").
An API is an abstraction. So is low-level code. The higher the abstraction, the more it qualifies as an "idea" and is then not subject to copyright.
What is "higher" than an API that can express the idea behind it? The consumer? Which depends.
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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A symphonic sketch is less than a symphony (copyrightable) but less than an idea or genre (not copyrightable), which is why I thought it might be an interesting analogy.
An API might give you a very good idea of the underlying object model and its internal collaborations, which is far more than an idea.
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Trying to classify an API as "revealing" or "not revealing" would be pointless. I could publish a whole bunch of "do nothing" API calls just to claim it as my "vocabulary".
That goes way beyond sitting on a domain name.
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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I think you are on to something plausible Greg. I’m thinking of sheet music. A composer wrote the symphony long ago and now we have the music written on paper for future generations to play. That sheet music is the api or interface (depending on which language you use). Behind it is the orchestra playing for us. The lead violinist may be male or female. That may be a form of copyright infringement if the first lead violinist was male. If the conductor decides to play the symphony more choppy than the sheet music shows then he may be in violation of the copyright.
Whoever the lead violinist is or how it is played is a result of the interpretation of that sheet music and the works are all done behind the scenes. Same as an api or interface.
There may be a better challenge to the copyright if any of the methods of the api/interface are changed, added, or deleted. Then the original api is not valid. If google is making changes to any methods (name, inputs, or returns), then they should rethink their strategy. Google can create a new api that subclasses Oracle’s api to add their new methods. Back in the days of COM, the inventors warned us that once an interface is published we should not change it. And that is for good reason. People using their older software who get their dependent libraries (or operating system) updated will expect their software to work. It’s better to be more customer friendly.
Imagine if your favorite symphony is 30 pages (of sheet music) long and the producer of the concert adds five pages from another symphony to the middle of the symphony you came to see. You might leave feeling disappointed. You may want your money back. You may want to sue all involved with the concert for screwing up your favorite symphony. Were copyright laws broken? That may be more subjective, but you must supply a convincing argument. (At least that is what I learned in my business law class.)
modified 10-Oct-20 20:15pm.
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Sheet music is copyrighted, and performing it requires paying a royalty. I believe that its performance can be debarred, but this is rare. If the performance is allowed, the musicians can interpret it however they wish, and they're not in violation of the copyright if the composer doesn't like their performance. The sheet music is much more than an API, because skilled musicians can "implement" it in real time. Even lead sheets (lead line with chord symbols) fall into that category.
I was trying to find something that might be a legal precedent and thought a symphonic sketch might qualify. It can be copyrighted, although whether performing it requires paying a royalty might depend on its level of detail. Some sketches are much closer to finished sheet music than others. I believe that melodies in the sketch would stand up to copyright, but not general outlines.
Perhaps the analogy to music isn't a very good one, in which case there might not be any informative precedents. Then I'd argue that an API which implies an underlying object model should be copyrightable, and that by default it would be subject to the same license as the underlying implementation.
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I always thought is was an Application Programming Interface, a black box of sorts, you put something in, and you get something out.
Maybe I am missing something?
Not sure why you need a Copyright for that, but hey, I'm a simple man, who knows very little about such things. lol
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Oracle wants to copyright how you talk to their box. Which will then allow them to make you pay a royalty if you talk to an Android Google box.
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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Haven't we been through this process before, regarding PC BIOS?
The PC BIOS was Copyrighted by IBM but Compaq and Phoenix and others copied the functionality without copying the code.
How did Compaq reverse engineered patented IBM code? - Quora[^]
So the question is, is the discussion regarding copyrighted code or patented code?
Wrong is evil and must be defeated. - Jeff Ello
Never stop dreaming - Freddie Kruger
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That is a great example of precedence! A BIOS is a great example of an API. It's not high level like the one at issue, java, but that is definitely a software API where the application is the computer's operating system and, effectively, all programs that run on it.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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And Oracle can't be unaware of it.
So, what's different here?
Wrong is evil and must be defeated. - Jeff Ello
Never stop dreaming - Freddie Kruger
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It has become a matter of convincing judges to see it. To those of us in the software world it's fairly obvious, I think.
"They have a consciousness, they have a life, they have a soul! Damn you! Let the rabbits wear glasses! Save our brothers! Can I get an amen?"
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I honestly haven't followed it enough to have an informed opinion.
But generally, I'm of the opinion that the patenting system is completely bollocks at the moment.
Wrong is evil and must be defeated. - Jeff Ello
Never stop dreaming - Freddie Kruger
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Jörgen Andersson wrote: I'm of the opinion that the patenting system is completely bollocks at the moment.
Like 90% of the people with common sense and not involved directly with it.
M.D.V. 
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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