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The situation in the 18th century was very different. The 18th century had several breakthrough ideas and products that the Romans lacked: calculus, gunpowder, printing press, discovery of the Americas, magnetic compass and clocks, to name a few. But the biggest difference was the “scientific method”. The belief that you could decipher nature by observation, hypothesis and experiment. In Roman times, understanding of nature was only attempted by “logic”. Hence, Aristotle and other Greek philosophers were considered the experts and no one doubted them. You can’t have an Industrial Revolution without science. Engineering by itself isn’t enough.
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OK, so we discovered gunpowder. In some other parts of the world, it had been known for a thousand yeard.
We got magnetic compasses. Others had been using compasses for around a thousand years.
I am quite sure that the redskins discovered America long time before Columbus. Even long before Leiv Eriksson.
Mechanical devices for measuring time was known in the 13th century, even in Europe. Sundials was known in prehistoric times.
To name a few.
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I was disputing the statement that, “the situation in the Roman Empire was not too different from the 18 century in Europe.” The point is that the situation in the 18th century was entirely different.
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You have done a pretty good description of the situation (let's call it data )
But we can take a look to the reason ( the code )
Quote: calculus
Quote: “scientific method”
Are these two possible whitout the elusive zero?
You can have some basic geometry (ask Pitagoras, althougt not Roman), but no algebra.
I absolutely agree with the print machine. This one does need great math to be developed, and plays a main role in the science.
The reason of this post is that many times people mistakes existence and reality. Zero, as well as space lacks existence ( no mass, no energy, no information ) but both overflow reality.
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Your argument is valid. Certainly the invention of zero preceded all of the examples I mentioned. And was a prerequisite for calculus and science in general. In fact, it pushes back the time when the situation in European was about the same as imperial Rome to no later than the 13th century. My argument was only about whether the situation in the 18th century was similar to Rome. It wasn’t even close.
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Well their mathematics was not as good, hence their physic was not as good, hence their tools were not as good...
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'Necessity is the mother of invention' - since Rome ruled the known world and had the strongest military force perhaps they didn't feel much need to innovate any further. One might think that better medicine would have been an incentive, but they probably believed their fate to be in the lap of the gods.
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https://denver.cbslocal.com/2020/06/22/keep-cat-out-dating-profile-colorado-state-university-researchers-warn-men/
really cries out for another equally ridiculous study where men rate pictures of women with and without cats or dogs.
to control for possible subliminal arousal of participants and particiskirts, I suggest only faces and shoulders of subjects be shown, with cat or dog visible only on shoulders. maybe have the male and female subjects draped in a way that conceals breast size ?
cheers, Bill
p.s. i'm getting a cat soon, but this study has nought to do with it (my mug's repugnant as is); it's to deal with a mice fibonacci population problem: they eat my white t-shirts. and, while i like dogs, i love cats !
«One day it will have to be officially admitted that what we have christened reality is an even greater illusion than the world of dreams.» Salvador Dali
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If this is science I will patent the title King...
"The only place where Success comes before Work is in the dictionary." Vidal Sassoon, 1928 - 2012
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Does this really surprise anyone?
Social Media - A platform that makes it easier for the crazies to find each other.
Everyone is born right handed. Only the strongest overcome it.
Fight for left-handed rights and hand equality.
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Conversely, it's a great filter. If a woman doesn't like cats, I don't want anything to do with her!
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Some women like to own Pit bulls; that's a filter too.
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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Then again, you probably do want to filter out the crazy cat ladies...
If she owns more than 3, then unless she lives on a farm...
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That's simple.
A man with a cat already has a master.
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You can't use the term master anymore.
He has a Maine Coon 
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Jacquers wrote: Maine Coon
and technically you can't use the word Coon (short for Racoon) anymore as that is a highly offensive term for a person of African heritage.
So, that cat name/type will have to be changed to something else. Perhaps, Maine Lobster Cat.
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Jörgen Andersson wrote: A man with a cat already has a master.
Which makes him a bachelor.
Strange. Usually it goes in the other direction.
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"Time spent with cats is never wasted." This quote is wrongly attributed to Sigmund Freud, but whoever said it was an astute person.
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Issat so?
Now that's finally a reason to get married. And then I would get some mice to watch her catch them. 
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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I wanna see that Grand Pyrenees draped over your shoulders.
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Chipper fabricated it with UART and LEDS. (10)
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Don't see how it means "chipper", but ... STRIDULATE? (Anagram of IT UART LEDS)
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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Yay! Anagrams are always solved!
Chipper is defined as a buzz/chirp/chirping/chirrup/tweet sound in about 50% of the English dictionaries. When solving these puzzles you should probably check multiple definition sources.
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I have Chambers and Concise Oxford, and neither of them contains your definition. So I suspect you are actually referring to American dictionaries.
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