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Go to the system advanced and in start up and recovery set the machine to produce a memory dump, you can chose full or mini. Mini is OK ish, in which case its written to system\minidumps as a dmp file with the date/time in the name. If you chose full dump its written to \system\memory.dmp and overwrites any existing one.
To look at the contents use windbg, and open the file.
Then run !analyze -v from the command line (bottom of windbg window) and it will do an autoanalyse. Be careful, these aren't always accurate and often blame the wrong component.
Now you need to debug the issue. Commands like !poolused can hep you find drivers that are using excessive memory, !thread and .thread are very useful to switch to any thread in the system so you can look at each threads stack and wait times.
In fact what you can do with windbg is immense, its got a massive and powerful command set. There is a doc that comes with windbg on basic debugging practices, it is very worth reading.
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Have to jump into the pool. Today's routers suck for statistics, and I need to know who is using my bandwidth.
cg
Charlie Gilley
<italic>Stuck in a dysfunctional matrix from which I must escape...
"Where liberty dwells, there is my country." B. Franklin, 1783
“They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” BF, 1759
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I have a pretty much brand new system with 16GB DDR4 memory on which I have Win 7 32bit OS. I made a RAMDisk (using Dataram RAMDisk) of 8GB on which I keep windows paging file.
I ran DiskBench tool and ran file creation with the following settings
Create Two files
Block Size - 256KB
Number of blocks - 30
The above values replicate the writing that I usually do on this PC most of the time.
Here are the results-
RAMDisk - ~9MB/s
Spinning drive - ~97MB/s
SSD - ~441MB/s
I am confused about the RAMDisk performance as I expect it to be the faster among the three by far. Any ideas?
thanks
PKNT
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Even though you wrote that you keep paging file in the RAM disk, one question is, do you have enough available RAM for the RAMDisk? The performance would be catastrophic if the OS is paging anyway.
Also I don't believe that it would make sense to use RAM for paging file. The purpose of the paging file is basically to provide additional space if RAM is exhausted. I believe it would be better to let the OS use it for file caching etc.
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Sorry if I am not clear, but I am using 32 bit OS, so you can access only about 3GB of RAM for OS. Since I already have 16GB of memory installed which is not being utilized, I made a 8GB RAMDisk using the unutilized RAM which I use for paging file.
PKNT
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Kiran Satish wrote: I have a pretty much brand new system with 16GB DDR4 memory on which I have Win
7 32bit OS.
That almost equals my setup, but with DDR3 and a laptop CPU 
Kiran Satish wrote: I made a RAMDisk (using Dataram RAMDisk) of 8GB on which I keep windows paging
file.
Ehr.. aight, we have a paging file because PC's have a limited amount of memory, and lots of harddisk space. The only reason to put something in "virtual memory" is because it is too expensive to put it in real memory (aka, hardware RAM).
Putting the page-file on a RAM-disk defeats the purpose of having a page-file. I also have an SSD, and did not believe there should be a page-file with 16Gb worth o' memory. I have had recommendations here to do otherwise and am happy to have followed the advice.
Kiran Satish wrote: Any ideas?
Having created my own ram-disk[^], I would say that performance is limited in a number of ways. One of those is the limitation of the speed of your memory; virtual memory is slower than blocks of data pinned into physical memory. Did that make my RAM-disk faster? No, it is limited by the driver itself, bottlenecking at 48 Mb/s, which is actually rather impressive.
Works nice if the RAM-disk leaves at least 6 Gb of free working memory; it is fast in terms of access, making up for the lack in terms of transfer, and thus doing nice when manipulating lots of small files. Like compiling and building a project
Bastard Programmer from Hell 
If you can't read my code, try converting it here[^]
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it's probably a stupid question but when packets are sent to a router that is for example at 192.168.1.1 on the LAN with a destination 192.168.1.4
the router searches a lookup table for the MAC associated with 192.168.1.4 and sends the frame just there and doesnt forward it to all connected devices
so does that count as a switch ?
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well it wouldn't be the router searching the ARP table. The sending client would do the lookup in its own ARP table. If it didn't have an address for x.x.1.4, it would do an ARP broadcast to get it.
I don't think the router has a role in this situation. Why? because if the default route is 192.168.1.1 then it is probably already on that subnet. The client is going to realize the destination is on the same subnet using the subnet mask.
If the router had an integrated switch, the switch would be involved in forwarding the frame. Anyways my $0.02
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no I'm not talking about lan communication
suppose you send a packet to codeproject from your pc.
its trip will be (with all address change of course) 192.168.1.4->192.168.1.1(def.gate.)->10 more machines->codeproject
say your external ip is 100.100.100.100
when its reply gets at 100.100.100.100 your router is in charge of sending it to x.x.x.4...I'm talking about this bit
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My knowledge is a bit rusty, but routing and switching occur at different protocol levels. Routing is on the network layer (like IP) and switching on the link layer (e.g.: Ethernet)
I guess you are talking about a router with multiple LAN ports. I don't think there are any more unmanaged switches around, where packets are unconditionally sent out on all ports; the switch knows what devices are on which port, and will only transmit on the appropriate one (it will have to use address resolution if it doesn't know the MAC address, but this only happens once, or when the device is moved to another port)
If the destination IP address is not on the local network, the router will naturally forward it to the WAN side.
And it is not a stupid question
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I guess you are right. A Router must be a Switch with ARP lookup logic to determine which port to switch to.
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Hi All,
I am setting up tablet for our customer.
It has 3 network interfaces: WiFi, LET/4G/Phone network and a slow but (allegedly) reliable IP radio network.
I want to make sure the Radio network is ONLY used by my application (and NO OTher App use it for "internet" acceess)
I try to call (as admin) the ROUTE (DOS) command with ROUTE DELETE AND ROUTE ADD.
route DELETE 0.0.0.0 192.168.128.1
route ADD 10.104.8.22 192.168.128.1 metric 9999
route ADD 164.112.43.3 192.168.128.1 metric 9999
However, this radio is a USB (external) radio, and everytime it got disconnected / reconnected my radio setting is gone!
How could I make sure the settings sticks?!
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no worries, our customer's sys admin told me!!! -p settings!
as in
route DELETE 0.0.0.0 192.168.128.1 -p
route ADD 10.104.8.22 192.168.128.1 metric 9999 -p
route ADD 164.112.43.3 192.168.128.1 metric 9999 -p
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beat me to it by 43 mins 
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Good try!
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In fact I still have a problem...
The ROUTE ADD is persistent!
But ROUTE DELETE is not, every time I reconnect my Internet USB IP Radio (Motorola APX Series) The Gateways is added back ! 
Any idea?
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well, you only need the '-p' option on the ROUTE ADD lines
as for the delete one 'coming back' .... hmmm - what happens if you do
ROUTE -f
which flushes the routing cache
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It doesn't fixes it... 
I suspect what happen is something done by the Motorola USB Radio driver....
Any idea what kind of system (Win32!) call I should do to watch and update the route table?!
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NotifyRouteChange[^]
And
NotifyRouteChange2[^]
Are what you are looking for.
A quick Google found them (Search String: win32 routing table update event)
What do you get when you cross a joke with a rhetorical question?
The metaphorical solid rear-end expulsions have impacted the metaphorical motorized bladed rotating air movement mechanism.
Do questions with multiple question marks annoy you???
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Woa, thanks man, this is very promising! 
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Our project seems to be heading in the need of having a small computer to mediate between the UI control/data presentation Windows PC (workstation) and an OEM vendor's device.
The system must support at least 1 USB 2.0 interface (to the device) and some other interface (>= 100BaseT ?) to the workstation. The vendor provides an x86 DLL to encapsulate communication with their device so this will need to run 32-bit Windows Embedded Compact (for the real-time capability as well).
Smaller physical size is better, as is lower cost. 
Does anyone have any experiences and/or recommendations (and/or who/what to avoid!) they're willing to share about such systems?
Thanks
Matt
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
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Why cant the vendors device connect straight to the PC?
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We've done some experiments and the PC just will not have the real-time responsiveness to keep up with the required data rate (i.e., keeping the USB data stream "drained" so its buffer is available for the next data acquisition). The intermediate Windows CE will be to keep up with the USB in real-time and serve as a bigger buffer than the device has on its own.
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
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Right, so the device is USB, what's the problem sucking data out of it? What sort of driver is it using on windows?
What was the experiment setup?
I have windows drivers for USB devices that will take data off the device faster than the device bus speed. So we are talking mbps for HS devices. (Actually, USB is rather slow really).
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The device vendor provides both a driver and an API dll (both 32 bit) to talk to the device.
The device uses USB bulk endpoints.
The data is guaranteed to be available to the host, however, if the host gets behind, then the device will skip performing the next data acquisition 
The amount of data is actually pretty small, it is the latency that is the bigger issue.
Each device acquisition is a little less than 40kB, at 15Hz rate: ~610kB/sec data rate.
However, the effective acquisition rate is twice that since the device will not start an acquisition until all of the previous acquisition data has been read. The device takes approximately 30ms to readout an acquisition. And 30ms is about the shortest acceptable data acquisition "exposure time".
The experiment I ran was using c# software I wrote to retrieve data from the device using an API function which spins up a separate thread to pull the data into a managed buffer. The application has a separate thread which pulls the data from the buffer and "drops it on the floor". (This is a best case: minimal application computation, though not realistic. Actual application includes significant computation.)
The device has a status line indicating if it is ready for an external trigger to begin an acquisition. We have an STmicro eval board running simple SW to provide triggering at a specified interval and a counter of occurrences of status not ready when a trigger was scheduled.
I specified an exposure time of 1ms since the exposure time is not concurrent with the data transfer.
On an i5 Quad core Windows 7 PC, triggering at 40ms is required to ensure no "not ready" conditions were detected. If I added writing the acquired data to a local file, then there were many "not ready" detections. The actual application has significant additional computation required.
"Fairy tales do not tell children the dragons exist. Children already know that dragons exist. Fairy tales tell children the dragons can be killed."
- G.K. Chesterton
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