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so, is that a standard directory of UNIX? I found it quite strange too that's why I will install Ubuntu 13.04 (I'm using Ubuntu 12.10).
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noislude wrote: is that a standard directory of UNIX?
I'm not sure, but I assume it is a standard part of the gcc package and should be installed with gcc.
Use the best guess
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I solved the problem after installing Ubuntu 13.10. I think there was something broken in my OS. Thank you for your attention.
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Hello guys:
any way, after i have finished writing my program i have recived an error it is like that :
LINK : warning LNK4067: ambiguous entry point; selected 'mainCRTStartup'
1>stdafx.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall list::~list(void)" (??1list@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function _main
fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
this is the error from compiler, by the way i am using a visual studio 2010 ,
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have you looked at file stdafx.h?
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what should i looking for ? in "stdafx.h" file??
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Well are you using an external C library?
Your error is with the linker, and the function name has been mangled by C++ because somewhere in your code there should be
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#include ...
#endif
.
.
.
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
Not likely to be stdafx.h but I thought it worth asking because it's related to stdafx.obj 
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OmarSH wrote: this is the error from compiler
No, this is the error from the Linker; you need to understand the difference.
Use the best guess
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ok guys i am beginner ,what should i do exactly to solve this error ,even i don't know what is the linker ,
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We need to see some of your code to be able to figure out what is going on. The first message implies that there is some confusion between c and C++ code in your project. The second message suggests that you have a call to a list destructor in your code.
For information on the linker (and building programs in general) see http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/91621w01(v=vs.71).aspx[^].
Use the best guess
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it worked man,i delete the destructor
but not from long time i have been getting something like that "Cannot find or open the PDB file"
this message is repeated to about thirty file ,and make my console program end with out the normal message (press any key to continue....)
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I am not sure what you are saying here, but it may be that you need to do a Clean and Rebuild of your project(s).
Use the best guess
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this is part of the compiling:
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\kernel32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\KernelBase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcr100d.dll', Symbols loaded.
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcp100d.dll', Symbols loaded.
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\apphelp.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\AppPatch\AcLayers.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sspicli.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msvcrt.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\rpcrt4.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cryptbase.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\sechost.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\user32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\gdi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\lpk.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\usp10.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\advapi32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\shell32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\shlwapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ole32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\oleaut32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\userenv.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\profapi.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\winspool.drv', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\mpr.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\imm32.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
'TRY5.exe': Loaded 'C:\Windows\SysWOW64\msctf.dll', Cannot find or open the PDB file
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OmarSH wrote: this is part of the compiling:
No, this looks like the debug window of Visual Studio when you are trying to execute your program.
You really need to go to that link I provided for you, and learn and understand how programs are built and executed, and the differences between the various phases of that process.
Use the best guess
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OmarSH wrote:
1>stdafx.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public:
__thiscall list::~list(void)" (??1list@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function _main
Is the list object being referenced yours or the one from the STL? If the former, it's missing a destructor.
"One man's wage rise is another man's price increase." - Harold Wilson
"Fireproof doesn't mean the fire will never come. It means when the fire comes that you will be able to withstand it." - Michael Simmons
"Show me a community that obeys the Ten Commandments and I'll show you a less crowded prison system." - Anonymous
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Hi all,
I ask me of myzelf what kind of Timers APi can I use for create an delays of microseconds?
I read the MSDN site and I found the topics of different manners for create function that generates an delay of microseconds.
Witch one is the best solution for my problem if the user set the delay in microseconds and the function executes the adjustable microseconds of the user.
I hope that here developers knowledge the WinAPI and low level programming. I work under Windows XP/7
We have the chooice of:
1 Multimedia Timer
2. Waitable Timer
3. Queue Timer
1) Whitch is the best chooice of this timers?
2) How can I rewrite the code for use in microseconds?
3) I wish to change in the exists functions (see above) for programming the functions that using the microsecond
(delay) timer. I don't know how I can change this in the code:
DECLARE SUB TimeInit_us()
DECLARE FUNCTION TimeRead_us() AS QUAD
DECLARE SUB Delay_us(BYVAL wDelay AS WORD)
'------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' TIME functions
'------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' This set of functions is important for various time measurements. Just as
' with DELAY function (in ms) and Delay_us (in µs), TIME functions also operate on millisecond or
' microsecond basis.
' TIMEINIT (in ms) and TIMEINIT_US (in µs) will reset the timers to zero and start them again
' with ms or us precision
' TIMEREAD (in ms) and TIMEREAD_US (in µs) functions will read the amount of time (in ms or us)
' since the last TIMEINIT or TIMEINITUS function was executed. Both functions
' return a 64-bit integer
4) How can I combine it to an Quad word (64 bit)?
[code]
#Dim All
#Include "Win32API.inc"
Type LARGE_INTEGER
low_part As Long
high_part As Long
End Type
Global g_TimeUnit As Double
Global g_Start_Time_Low As Long
Global g_Start_Time_High As Long
'========================================================================='
'Milliseconds Delay Timer Functions '
'========================================================================='
Sub TimeInit()
'==============================================='
'Reset the milliseconds Timer to Zero
'will reset the timers to zero and start them again with ms precision
'===============================================
Local f As LARGE_INTEGER
Local t As LARGE_INTEGER
Local x As Dword
x = QueryPerformanceFrequency(f)
g_TimeUnit = 1000 / f.low_part
x = QueryPerformanceCounter(t)
g_Start_Time_Low = t.low_part
g_Start_Time_High = t.high_part
End Sub
Function TimeRead() As QUAD
'=======================================
' TIMEREAD functions will read the amount of time (in ms)
' since the last TIMEINIT function was executed. The function
' return a 64-bit integer
'=======================================
Local t As LARGE_INTEGER
Local x As Dword
If(g_TimeUnit = 0) Then g_TimeUnit = 0.000838096515
x = QueryPerformanceCounter(t)
Function = (t.high_part * 4294967296# + t.low_part - g_Start_Time_High * 4294967296# - g_Start_Time_Low * g_TimeUnit)
End Function
Sub Delay(ByVal wDelay_time As Word)
'=============================================
'With the DELAY function is important for various time measurements. Just
'as with Delay function, Time function also operate on ms basic
'=============================================
Local time_start As Double
time_start = TimeRead()
While(TimeRead() < (time_start + wDelay_time)) : Wend
End Sub
[/code]
I hope that here someone help me but I can't written the functions for the microseconds timer
Kind regards
Stephane
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Which programming language do you want help with?
Remove your VB code if you now want help with C/C++, or delete your message.
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C and MFC without classes. I think C is without classes.
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You did understand what you were told in VB forum?
Windows will interrupt your code whether you want it to or not. That is what is meant by 'pre-emptive' Operating System.
The windows scheduler has a resolution of about 15ms and it will mess up all attempts to get reliable timing shorter than what the scheduler has. Believe me this is not a trivial task. see here.
I also prefer to use the following method..
"If you do a Sleep(), you might hope that when you regain control you are probably pretty soon after a clock tick. So assume that, reading the counter immediately after a Sleep(), and repeat several times, taking the earliest counter value recorded to be the counter value at the tick. This method will have a small but hopefully constant offset; it's the best we can do, at least in user space (more may be possible as a driver, using the DDK KeQuery* functions; we haven't investigated this)."
I just average a counter over several milliseconds (less than the quantum of the scheduler's 15ms) and divide it by 1,000 or 1,000,000 to get a rough sub-ms delay. Not ideal but it obtains a reliable value when the NT scheduler is running.
there is some downloadable C source code from the following link.
www.lochan.org/2005/keith-cl/useful/win32time.html
modified 10-May-13 17:45pm.
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The windows timer has a granularity of about 10 or so milliseconds, so unless you create your own HW that interrupts every few micro seconds, in which case you will kill system performance, the only solution is s dead loop count.
Of course if your thread get descheduled, and it will be by kernel code even if you give it a high priority, then your timing will be off, but it might give you enough accuracy.
==============================
Nothing to say.
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hello everybody :
anyway i am working on program that use alot of object
if i want to compare in (if statement) like
if(ob.x==ob1.x)
if(ob.x != ob1.x) do i need to overload these operators or not (because visual studio says no operator match ,
if yes could you tell me the code with simple explain
thanks anyway .
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Assuming x is an object of type X, you will need to overload the == and != operators in class X.
class X
{
bool operator ==(const X& rhs)
{
return this.var == rhs.var ? true : false;
}
bool operator !=(const X& rhs)
{
return this.var == rhs.var ? false : true;
}
};
The comparison logic would really depend on your particular business case.
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an if X where object from struct not from class ,will the use of this be true????
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