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Re boxed primitives in Java and .NET

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23 Mar 2010CPOL1 min read 20.4K   1   12
Why "i = i++" expression returns different results in C++ and Java/.NET?

One of my colleagues posted the following question once “why <i = i++> expression returns different results in C++ and Java/.NET?”. For instance, try this:

C/C++

C++
int i = 1;
i = i++; 
printf("%d\n", i);
result is 2

Java

Java
int i = 1;
i = i++; 
System.out.println(i);
result is 1

Many C++ developers will argue that <i = i++> is left undefined in C++ (i.e. it is up to compiler implementers to return whatever they think it is most appropriate). However, at a more practical level, <i = i++> against a primitive int type, in C/C++, is a simple (optimized ASM code, avoiding all the formalities with moving to/from registers):

C++
mov i, i
inc i

at the same "address location" (in a simplistic way). So the result is 2.

Now, let's look at what C++ suggests about operator++(int). It suggests making a copy of the current instance, increasing current instance and returning the copy. Following this rule, the result is:

C++
class MyInt {
private:
	int i;
public:
	MyInt(int iVal) { i = iVal; };
	int val() const { return i; };
	MyInt(const MyInt& t) { i = t.val(); };

	MyInt& operator=(const MyInt& t) {
		i = t.val();
		return *this;
	};

	MyInt operator++(int) {
		MyInt t = *this;
		i++;
		return t;
	};
};

MyInt func() {
	MyInt i = MyInt(1);
	i = i++;
	return i;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	int i = 1;
	i = i++;
	_tprintf(_T("%d\n"), i);

	MyInt t = func();
	_tprintf(_T("%d\n"), t.val());
	return 0;
}
Result is
2
1

But it is exactly what Java/.NET returns. From this, it is logical to conclude that Java/.NET primitives are boxed (which seems to be logical, otherwise it is hard to imagine how to support platform independence in Java/.NET, for example replacing the above class with a structure like "struct MyInt { int i : 32; };" in order to support 32 bits integers). Also this means that C/C++ works faster with primitives :)

License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)


Written By
Software Developer (Senior) BlackRock
United Kingdom United Kingdom
My name is Ruslan Ciurca. Currently, I am a Software Engineer at BlackRock.

Comments and Discussions

 
GeneralMy vote of 1 Pin
Reaboi Artur5-May-10 19:50
Reaboi Artur5-May-10 19:50 
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 Pin
rtybase5-May-10 23:51
rtybase5-May-10 23:51 
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 Pin
Reaboi Artur7-May-10 4:53
Reaboi Artur7-May-10 4:53 
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 Pin
rtybase8-May-10 0:22
rtybase8-May-10 0:22 
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 Pin
Reaboi Artur9-May-10 19:13
Reaboi Artur9-May-10 19:13 
Nope. I would do it differently:
1) Compile the code to IL:
"i = i++" would look like the following:
L_0002: ldloc.0
L_0003: dup
L_0004: ldc.i4.1
L_0005: add
L_0006: stloc.0
L_0007: stloc.0
2) At runtime, compile the method just-in-time to native ASM before first execution:
00000023 mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-8]
00000026 mov dword ptr [ebp-0Ch],eax
00000029 inc dword ptr [ebp-8]
0000002c mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]
0000002f mov dword ptr [ebp-8],eax

As you can see from above, I'm not required to make any boxing to be platform independent. In fact, I can even compile 2 instructions (ldc.i4.1 and add) to a single and most efficient ASM instruction inc.
I will be able to do it on 32 and 64 bit machines in the same way and, on 64-bit, even for longs.

I will not insert any "mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]" and "mov eax,dword ptr [ebp-0Ch]" instructions (like .NET currently does), and you'll not be able to do it more efficiently in a C\C++ compiler.

No "boxing", of any kind, required.
GeneralRe: My vote of 1 [modified] Pin
rtybase9-May-10 22:18
rtybase9-May-10 22:18 
Generali++ vs. ++i Pin
Dennis Dykstra30-Mar-10 10:11
Dennis Dykstra30-Mar-10 10:11 
GeneralRe: i++ vs. ++i Pin
rtybase31-Mar-10 6:02
rtybase31-Mar-10 6:02 
GeneralRe: i++ vs. ++i Pin
Dennis Dykstra31-Mar-10 18:40
Dennis Dykstra31-Mar-10 18:40 
GeneralRe: i++ vs. ++i Pin
rtybase1-Apr-10 6:24
rtybase1-Apr-10 6:24 
GeneralReal Story Pin
Jonathan C Dickinson29-Mar-10 21:26
Jonathan C Dickinson29-Mar-10 21:26 
GeneralRe: Real Story Pin
rtybase31-Mar-10 6:16
rtybase31-Mar-10 6:16 

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