C / C++ / MFC

static void Action(CSpyDlg* dlg)
{
	//CWnd* hwnd = AfxGetMainWnd();
	USES_CONVERSION;
	
	HANDLE hDir = CreateFile( CString("d:"), // pointer to the file name
		FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,                // access (read/write) mode
		FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_DELETE,  // share mode
		NULL,                               // security descriptor
		OPEN_EXISTING,                      // how to create
		FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,         // file attributes
		NULL                                // file with attributes to copy
		);
		/*
		HANDLE hDir = CreateFile( CString("d:"), // pointer to the file name
		FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,                // access (read/write) mode
		FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_DELETE,  // share mode
		NULL,                               // security descriptor
		OPEN_EXISTING|CREATE_NEW|CREATE_ALWAYS|OPEN_ALWAYS|TRUNCATE_EXISTING,                      // how to create
		FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED|
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED|
		FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM|FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY,         // file attributes
		NULL                                // file with attributes to copy
		);
	*/
	FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION Buffer[1024];
	DWORD BytesReturned;
	while(ReadDirectoryChangesW(
		hDir,                                  // handle to directory
		&Buffer,                                    // read results buffer
		sizeof(Buffer),                                // length of buffer
		TRUE,                                 // monitoring option
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME|
		FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME,             // filter conditions
		&BytesReturned,              // bytes returned
		NULL,                          // overlapped buffer
		NULL// completion routine
		))
    {
		CTime tm = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
		
		CString helper_txt;
		
		switch(Buffer[0].Action)
		{
		case FILE_ACTION_ADDED: helper_txt = "The file was added to the directory"; break; 
		case FILE_ACTION_REMOVED: helper_txt = "The file was removed from the directory"; break; 
		case FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED: helper_txt = "The file was modified. This can be a change in the time stamp or attributes."; break; 
		case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME: helper_txt = "The file was renamed and this is the old name."; break; 
		case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME: helper_txt = "The file was renamed and this is the new name."; break;
		}
		int i=0;
		do
		{
			m_Sec.Lock();
			int item = dlg->m_list.InsertItem(dlg->m_list.GetItemCount(), CString(Buffer[i].FileName).Left(Buffer[i].FileNameLength / 2) + " - " + helper_txt );
			dlg->m_list.SetItemText(item, 1, tm.Format("%Y/%m/%d/ - %H:%M:%S"));
			i++;
			m_Sec.Unlock();
		}
		while (!Buffer[i].NextEntryOffset);
	}
}

class Node
{
public:

 ... some data ...

 std::vector<node*> Children;
};

void do_something_before(Node*) 
{ 
  ... 
} 

void do_something_after(Node*) 
{ 
  ... 
} 

// function to translate into an iterative one

void traverse(Node* node)
{
  do_something_before(node);

  for(int i=0; i<node->Children.size(); ++i )
    traverse(node->Children[i]);

  do_something_after(node);
}</node-></node*>