document.getElementById('ctl00_MainContent_gvParentGrid_ctl02_gvChildGrid_ctl0' + (i + 6).toString() + '_ui_access').checked == true;
==
operator is an equality operator which returns a boolean value - true if the values of its operands are equal, false otherwise.
Since you need to check the checkbox here, you need an assignment operator (=). So replace your code with
document.getElementById('ctl00_MainContent_gvParentGrid_ctl02_gvChildGrid_ctl0' + (i + 6).toString() + '_ui_access').checked = true;
and it should work
For more about the operators, read the MSDN reference:
C# Operators[
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