SharePoint is only supported on server operating systems - Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2012.
Installing Sharepoint 2013 Windows 7 - SharePoint Stack Exchange[
^]
You can run it on a virtual machine with the correct OS, or you can set up an Azure virtual machine:
Set up a general development environment for SharePoint 2013[
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NB: The StackExchange link contains an answer which
claims to let you install SharePoint on a client OS. However, it involves downloading and running an executable file from an unknown site, and there is a comment indicating that it doesn't work. If you choose to try this method, you do so entirely at your own risk.