Bugs and Suggestions

18-Jun-21 4:09

I was hoping that someone would fix the C++ pretty printing code.
In an ideal world, I would like to just embed plain C++ code in an article or answer:

C++

<h1>include <stdlib.h></h1>

Currently; even pasting, and then choosing encode as HTML runs into problems:

C++

<h1>include <stdlib.h></h1>

Yesterday I tried embedding some code in a reply, The Lounge, and as all can see, this did not work all that well.

Best regards
Espen Harlinn

Espen Harlinn
Senior Architect - Ulriken Consulting AS

The competent programmer is fully aware of the strictly limited size of his own skull; therefore he approaches the programming task in full humility, and among other things he avoids clever tricks like the plague.Edsger W.Dijkstra

Greg Utas18-Jun-21 4:52

Greg Utas

18-Jun-21 4:52

I think you're supposed to use <pre lang=c++>...</pre>.

Robust Services Core | Software Techniques for Lemmings | Articles
The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.

Espen Harlinn18-Jun-21 5:50

18-Jun-21 5:50

I was using:

<pre lang="C++">
</pre>

Matthew Dennis18-Jun-21 5:11

Matthew Dennis

18-Jun-21 5:11

Thanks for the report. This, and the 'fix' by @David-ONeil in his response, my help us understand a tricky issue.

"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."

Richard MacCutchan18-Jun-21 5:34

Richard MacCutchan

18-Jun-21 5:34

This has something to do with Markdown, as it happened to me earlier today when posting some Python code. And I never have Use Markdown formatting ticked.

Espen Harlinn18-Jun-21 5:54

18-Jun-21 5:54

That is my guess too … my gut feeling is that if markdown was disabled for anything between <pre ...> and </pre> then the problem will be solved.

Espen Harlinn18-Jun-21 6:08

18-Jun-21 6:08

Great, I have been planning to write a couple of articles since February, so for me this is a real showstopper.

honey the codewitch18-Jun-21 18:58

honey the codewitch

18-Jun-21 18:58

I found that if your editor copies your code as something other than plain text (markup or whatever), like VS Code does, CP will have problems with pasting it into code panels.

My workaround is to first paste into notepad to strip all the extra junk and then copy it from notepad to the site.

Real programmers use butterflies

Espen Harlinn19-Jun-21 4:21

19-Jun-21 4:21

That is probably worth an attempt …

C++

<h1>include<std.lib></h1>

C++

<h1>include<std.lib></h1>

'Use Markdown formatting' still interferes with how the text inside <pre>...</pre> element is interpreted, and so it seems like the solution I was looking for is rather simple: Uncheck 'Use Markdown formatting'.

Hopefully this will also be the case for the article editor.

Chris Maunder21-Jun-21 13:46

Chris Maunder

21-Jun-21 13:46

Interestingly the issue was you had the "Use Markdown" checkbox checked.

If you uncheck that, or use

```C++
...

```

in Markdown, then it works fine.

(I've edited your post to fix the formatting)

Not sure what's going on, but it could be our Markdown processor (MarkdownSharp) doesn't like some of the character encoding.

cheers
Chris Maunder

Espen Harlinn21-Jun-21 15:01

21-Jun-21 15:01

Quote:
Interestingly the issue was you had the "Use Markdown" checkbox checked

Right, noticed that after Richards post. Unchecking 'Use Markdown' seems to work for most cases.
Now, here is another, probably unrelated, formatting issue:

C++

long long value = 1'000'000'000;
for(long long i = 0; i < value; ++i)
{
   ... 
}

and this would probably look better with a bit more color:

C++

template<typename T>
inline constexpr bool IsReference = std::is_same_v< std::remove_volatile_t<std::remove_const_t<T>> , std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_volatile_t<std::remove_const_t<T>>>> == false;

template<typename T>
concept StreamIO = ( StreamReader<T> && StreamWriter<T> );

template<typename T>
concept StreamSeek = requires( T t, long long offset, SeekOrigin seekOrigin )
{
    { t.Seek( offset, seekOrigin ) }->std::convertible_to<long long>;
};

template<typename T>
concept StreamFeatureTests = requires( T t )
{
    { t.CanRead( ) } ->std::convertible_to<bool>;
    { t.CanSeek( ) } ->std::convertible_to<bool>;
    { t.CanTimeout( ) } ->std::convertible_to<bool>;
    { t.CanWrite( ) } ->std::convertible_to<bool>;
};

But you are essentially right, unchecking 'Use Markdown' seems to do the trick Smile | :)

Chris Maunder25-Jun-21 8:06

Chris Maunder

25-Jun-21 8:06

Ugh. The apostrophe separated numbers are just...ugh. Comma separated, underscore separated. They are easy. But reusing a string delimiter for numbers means things get a little messy.

I'll add the other case to our test rig and work out what's happening. I suspect the nest templates are blowing it's poor little brain.

cheers
Chris Maunder

Espen Harlinn25-Jun-21 12:12

25-Jun-21 12:12

Here is the contents of a header file ~~that seems to be causing some problems, as the preview does not show anything at all:~~

C++

#pragma once
#ifndef __HCCPERSISTENT_H__
#define __HCCPERSISTENT_H__

#include <HCCArray.h>
#include <HCCTuple.h>
#include <HCCVector.h>

#pragma pack(push,1)

namespace Harlinn::Common::Core::Persistent
{
    class TypeDescriptorCursor;

    /// <summary>
    /// A sequence is a variable length encoding where data of the same type
    /// is stored in blocks. Each block is of the same size (SequenceBlockSize = 8)
    /// and is trailed by a byte holding the number of used slots in the 
    /// preceding block. The space not used by an element inside a bloc must
    /// be set to 0. A sequence ends with the first block that is not full, thus
    /// an empty sequence contains one block with all the bytes set to 0 and the
    /// trailing size byte set to 0.
    /// </summary>
    constexpr size_t SequenceBlockSize = 8;

    /// <summary>
    /// The minimum number of bytes required to hold a valid
    /// type description
    /// </summary>
    constexpr size_t MinimumValidTypeDescriptorDataSize = 4;

    enum class ModifierFlags : Byte
    {
        None,
        /// <summary>
        /// Indicates that type element is for an array of data. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// <p>
        /// If used without the ::Fixed modifier, the data representation
        /// starts with a 7-bit encoded number specifying the number of elements
        /// in the array.
        /// </p>
        /// <p>
        /// If used with the ::Fixed modifier the lenght of the fixed-size
        /// follows immedeately after the TypeElementHeader as a 7-bit 
        /// encoded number.
        /// </p>
        /// </remarks>
        Array = 0x01,
        /// <summary>
        /// Indicates a fixed number of elements
        /// </summary>
        Fixed = 0x02,
        /// <summary>
        /// Constant data trails the declaring type description element.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// If used together with the ::Array modifier, then the
        /// ::Fixed modifier must also be specified.
        /// </remarks>
        Constant = 0x04,
        /// <summary>
        /// Indicates that the data is stored in big-endian
        /// format.
        /// </summary>
        BigEndian = 0x08,
        /// <summary>
        /// Indicates that the data is encoded in a way that allows ordering between
        /// elements to be established using memcmp.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// The ::Sequence modifier requires that the ::BigEndian modifier
        /// is also specified. 
        /// </remarks>
        Sequence = 0x10
    };
    HCC_DEFINE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS( ModifierFlags, Byte );


    template<typename T>
    class Constant;

    namespace Internal
    {
        template<typename T>
        constexpr bool IsConstantImpl = false;

        template<typename T>
        constexpr bool IsConstantImpl<Constant<T>> = true;
    }
    template<typename T>
    constexpr bool IsConstant = Persistent::Internal::IsConstantImpl<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>;






    


    namespace Internal
    {
        template<typename T>
        struct FormatTraits;

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct FormatTraitsBase
        {
            using Type = T;
            using RawType = RT;
            using TypeTraits = Types::TypeTraits<T>;

            static constexpr bool IsSupported = true;
            static constexpr bool IsFixedSize = TypeTraits::IsFixedSize;

            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                return sizeof( TypeTraits::Type );
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                writer.Write( object );
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                reader.Read( object );
            }

        };


        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct UnsupportedFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T,RT>;
            static constexpr bool IsSupported = false;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct BasicFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T,RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T,RT>;
            using Base::TypeTraits;

            static constexpr Types::BasicTypeId TypeId = TypeTraits::TypeId;

            using FormatType = Tuple<Types::BasicTypeId, ModifierFlags>;
            static constexpr FormatType Format{ TypeId, ModifierFlags::None };

            using DescriptorType = Tuple<Byte, Byte, Types::BasicTypeId, ModifierFlags>;
            static constexpr DescriptorType Descriptor{ static_cast<Byte>('\x2'),static_cast<Byte>('\x1') ,TypeId, ModifierFlags::None};
        };

        template<UInt64 uint64Value>
        struct SevenBitEncodedValue
        {
            static constexpr size_t SizeOfEncodedValue = Core::SizeOf7BitEncodedValue( uint64Value );
            using ValueType = ByteArray<SizeOfEncodedValue>;
            using type = ValueType;
        private:
            static constexpr ValueType Encode( ) noexcept
            {
                ValueType result;
                result.Write7BitEncoded_( 0, uint64Value );

                return result;
            }
        public:
            static constexpr ValueType value = Encode( );
        };


        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct BasicArrayFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T,RT>;

            using Base::TypeTraits;
            static constexpr UInt64 Count = TypeTraits::Count;

            using ElementType = typename TypeTraits::ElementType;
            using ElementTypeTraits = Types::TypeTraits<ElementType>;
            static constexpr Types::BasicTypeId TypeId = ElementTypeTraits::TypeId;

            static constexpr auto Format = MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array | ModifierFlags::Fixed, SevenBitEncodedValue<Count>::value );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );

            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat(MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) ), Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );

            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                return TypeTraits::SizeOf( object );
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < Count; ++i )
                {
                    writer.Write( object[i] );
                }
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < Count; ++i )
                {
                    reader.Read( object[i] );
                }
            }


        };





        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct ArrayFormatTraits : BasicArrayFormatTraits<T, RT>
        {
            

        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct PointerFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct ContainerFormatTraitsBase : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
            using Base::TypeTraits;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct ArrayContainerFormatTraits : ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
            using Base::TypeTraits;
            
        private:
            using ElementType = typename TypeTraits::ElementType;
            using ElementTypeTraits = Types::TypeTraits<ElementType>;

            static constexpr size_t Count = TypeTraits::Count;

            static constexpr auto EvalTypeId( )
            {
                if constexpr ( ElementTypeTraits::IsBasic )
                {
                    return ElementTypeTraits::TypeId;
                }
                else
                {
                    return TypeTraits::TypeId;
                }
            }
            static constexpr auto TypeId = EvalTypeId( );

            static constexpr auto EvalFormat( )
            {
                if constexpr ( ElementTypeTraits::IsBasic )
                {
                    return MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array | ModifierFlags::Fixed, SevenBitEncodedValue<Count>::value );
                }
                else
                {
                    auto elementDescriptor = FormatTraits<ElementType>::Descriptor;
                    return MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array | ModifierFlags::Fixed, elementDescriptor, SevenBitEncodedValue<Count>::value );
                }
            }
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = EvalFormat( );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );

            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) ), Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );


            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                if constexpr ( Types::IsFixedSize<ElementType>::value )
                {
                    return Count * Types::PackedSizeOf<T>::value;
                }
                else
                {
                    using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;

                    size_t result = 0;
                    for ( size_t i = 0; i < Count; ++i )
                    {
                        const auto& item = object[i];
                        result += ElementTypeFormatTraits::BufferSize( item );
                    }
                    return result;
                }
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;
                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < Count; ++i )
                {
                    ElementTypeFormatTraits::Write( writer, object[i] );
                }
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;
                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < Count; ++i )
                {
                    ElementTypeFormatTraits::Read( reader, object[i] );
                }
            }
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct VectorContainerFormatTraits : ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
            using Base::TypeTraits;

        private:
            using ElementType = typename TypeTraits::ElementType;
            using ElementTypeTraits = Types::TypeTraits<ElementType>;

            static constexpr size_t Count = TypeTraits::Count;

            static constexpr auto EvalTypeId( )
            {
                if constexpr ( ElementTypeTraits::IsBasic )
                {
                    return ElementTypeTraits::TypeId;
                }
                else
                {
                    return TypeTraits::TypeId;
                }
            }
            static constexpr auto TypeId = EvalTypeId( );

            static constexpr auto EvalFormat( )
            {
                if constexpr ( ElementTypeTraits::IsBasic )
                {
                    return MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array );
                }
                else
                {
                    auto elementDescriptor = FormatTraits<ElementType>::Descriptor;
                    return MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array, elementDescriptor );
                }
            }
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = EvalFormat( );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );

            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) ), Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );


            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                if constexpr ( Types::IsFixedSize<ElementType>::value )
                {
                    size_t dataSize = object.size() * Types::PackedSizeOf<T>::value;
                    size_t result = Core::SizeOf7BitEncodedValue( dataSize ) + dataSize;
                    return result;
                }
                else
                {
                    using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;

                    size_t count = object.size( );
                    size_t dataSize = 0;
                    for ( size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i )
                    {
                        const auto& item = object[i];
                        dataSize += ElementTypeFormatTraits::BufferSize( item );
                    }

                    size_t result = Core::SizeOf7BitEncodedValue( dataSize ) + dataSize;
                    return result;
                }
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;

                size_t count = object.size( );
                writer.Write7BitEncoded( count );

                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < count; ++i )
                {
                    ElementTypeFormatTraits::Write( writer, object[i] );
                }
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                size_t count = reader.Read7BitEncoded( );
                object.reserve( count );

                using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;
                for ( UInt64 i = 0; i < count; ++i )
                {
                    ElementTypeFormatTraits::Read( reader, object.emplace_back( ) );
                }
            }
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct StringContainerFormatTraits : ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = ContainerFormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
            using Base::TypeTraits;
            using ElementType = typename TypeTraits::ElementType;

            using ElementTypeTraits = Types::TypeTraits<ElementType>;
            static constexpr Types::BasicTypeId TypeId = ElementTypeTraits::TypeId;

            static constexpr auto Format = MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::Array );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );

            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) ), Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );

            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                size_t dataSize = object.size( );
                size_t result = Core::SizeOf7BitEncodedValue( dataSize ) + dataSize;
                return result;
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                using ElementTypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<ElementType>;

                size_t count = object.size( );
                writer.Write7BitEncoded( count );
                writer.Write( object.data(), count * sizeof( TypeTraits::ElementType ) );
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                size_t count = reader.Read7BitEncoded( );
                object.resize( count );
                reader.Read( object.data(), count * sizeof( TypeTraits::ElementType ) );
            }
        };





        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct ContainerFormatTraits 
            : std::conditional_t
              <
                IsArrayContainer<T>, ArrayContainerFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>, 
                std::conditional_t
                <
                  IsVectorContainer<T>, VectorContainerFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                    std::conditional_t
                    <
                      IsStdBasicString<T>, StringContainerFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                      ContainerFormatTraitsBase<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>
                    >
                >
              >
        {
            
        };



        template<size_t N, typename T, typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImplHelper
        {
            using TypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<T>;
            static constexpr auto Format = TupleCat( TypeFormatTraits::Format, FormatTypeImplHelper<N-1, Types...>::Format );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        };
        template<typename T, typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImplHelper<1, T, Types...>
        {
            using TypeFormatTraits = FormatTraits<T>;
            using FormatType = TypeFormatTraits::FormatType;
            static constexpr FormatType Format = TypeFormatTraits::Format;
        };

        template<typename T, typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImplHelper<0, T, Types...>
        {
            using FormatType = Tuple<>;
            static constexpr FormatType Format{};
        };

        template<typename T>
        struct FormatTypeImpl
        {
            static constexpr auto Format = FormatTraits<T>::Format;

        };
        template<typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImpl<Tuple<Types...>>
        {
            static constexpr auto Format = FormatTypeImplHelper<sizeof...( Types ), Types...>::Format;
        };

        template<typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImpl<std::tuple<Types...>>
        {
            static constexpr auto Format = FormatTypeImplHelper<sizeof...( Types ), Types...>::Format;
        };

        template<typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImpl<std::pair<Types...>>
        {
            static constexpr auto Format = FormatTypeImplHelper<sizeof...( Types ), Types...>::Format;
        };


        template<typename ...Types>
        struct FormatTypeImpl<TypeList<Types...>>
        {
            static constexpr auto Format = FormatTypeImplHelper<sizeof...( Types ), Types...>::Format;
        };


        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct TupleFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        private:
            using Base::TypeTraits;
            static constexpr Types::TupleTypeId TypeId = TypeTraits::TypeId;

            using ImplType = FormatTypeImpl<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>;

            static constexpr auto HeaderByteSizeAndCount = MakeTuple( TypeId, 
                                                                        ModifierFlags::None, 
                                                                        SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( ImplType::Format )>::value, 
                                                                        SevenBitEncodedValue<TypeTraits::Count>::value );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = TupleCat( HeaderByteSizeAndCount, ImplType::Format );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        private:
            static constexpr auto Sizes = MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( Sizes, Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );


            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const T& object ) noexcept
            {
                if constexpr ( TypeTraits::Count > 0 )
                {
                    if constexpr ( Types::IsFixedSize<T>::value )
                    {
                        return Types::PackedSizeOf<T>::value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if constexpr ( IsStdTuple<T> || IsStdPair<T> )
                        {
                            size_t result = std::apply( []( auto&... v )
                            {
                                return ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::BufferSize( v ) + ... );
                            }, object );
                            return result;
                        }
                        else if constexpr ( IsCoreTuple<T> )
                        {
                            size_t result = Apply( []( auto&... v )
                            {
                                return ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::BufferSize( v ) + ... );
                            }, object );
                            return result;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            static_assert( false, "Unknown tuple type" );
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    return 0;
                }
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const T& object )
            {
                if constexpr ( IsStdTuple<T> || IsStdPair<T> )
                {
                    std::apply( [&writer]( auto&... v )
                    {
                        ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Write( writer, v ), ... );
                    }, object );
                }
                else if constexpr ( IsCoreTuple<T> )
                {
                    Apply( [&writer]( auto&... v )
                    {
                        ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Write( writer, v ),  ... );
                    }, object );
                }
                else
                {
                    static_assert( false, "Unknown tuple type" );
                }
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                if constexpr ( IsStdTuple<T> || IsStdPair<T> )
                {
                    std::apply( [&reader]( auto&... v )
                    {
                        ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Read( reader, v ), ... );
                    }, object );
                }
                else if constexpr ( IsCoreTuple<T> )
                {
                    Apply( [&reader]( auto&... v )
                    {
                        ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Read( reader, v ), ... );
                    }, object );
                }
                else
                {
                    static_assert( false, "Unknown tuple type" );
                }
            }
        };

        template<typename RT>
        struct TupleFormatTraits<Tuple<>, RT> : FormatTraitsBase<Tuple<>, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<Tuple<>, RT>;
            using Type = typename Base::Type;
        private:
            static constexpr Types::TupleTypeId TypeId = Types::TupleTypeId::Tuple;

            static constexpr auto HeaderByteSizeAndCount = MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::None, static_cast<Byte>( '\x0' ), static_cast<Byte>( '\x0' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = HeaderByteSizeAndCount;
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        private:
            static constexpr auto Sizes = MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( Sizes, Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );

            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const Type& object ) noexcept
            {
                return 0;
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const Type& object )
            {

            }

            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, Type& object )
            {

            }
        };

        template<typename RT>
        struct TupleFormatTraits<std::tuple<>, RT> : FormatTraitsBase<std::tuple<>, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<std::tuple<>, RT>;
            using Type = typename Base::Type;
        private:
            static constexpr Types::TupleTypeId TypeId = Types::TupleTypeId::StdTuple;

            static constexpr auto HeaderByteSizeAndCount = MakeTuple( TypeId, ModifierFlags::None, static_cast<Byte>( '\x0' ), static_cast<Byte>( '\x0' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = HeaderByteSizeAndCount;
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        private:
            static constexpr auto Sizes = MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( Sizes, Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );

            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const Type& object ) noexcept
            {
                return 0;
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const Type& object )
            {

            }

            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, Type& object )
            {

            }
        };



        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct OptionalFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct UniquePtrFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct SharedPtrFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct VariantFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct TypeListFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;

        private:
            using Base::TypeTraits;
            static constexpr auto TypeId = TypeTraits::TypeId;

            using ImplType = FormatTypeImpl<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>;

            static constexpr auto HeaderByteSizeAndCount = MakeTuple( TypeId,
                                                                ModifierFlags::None,
                                                                SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( ImplType::Format )>::value,
                                                                SevenBitEncodedValue<TypeTraits::Count>::value );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = TupleCat( HeaderByteSizeAndCount, ImplType::Format );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        private:
            static constexpr auto Sizes = MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( Sizes, Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );

        };

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct AdaptedFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
            using Base::Type;
        private:
            using Base::TypeTraits;
            using TupleType = typename TypeTraits::TupleType;
            static constexpr auto TypeId = TypeTraits::TypeId;

            using ImplType = FormatTypeImpl<typename T::TypeList>;

            static constexpr auto HeaderByteSizeAndCount = MakeTuple( TypeId,
                                                                ModifierFlags::None,
                                                                SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( ImplType::Format )>::value,
                                                                SevenBitEncodedValue<TypeTraits::Count>::value );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Format = TupleCat( HeaderByteSizeAndCount, ImplType::Format );
            using FormatType = decltype( Format );
        private:
            static constexpr auto Sizes = MakeTuple( SevenBitEncodedValue<sizeof( FormatType )>::value, static_cast<Byte>( '\x1' ) );
        public:
            static constexpr auto Descriptor = TupleCat( Sizes, Format );
            using DescriptorType = decltype( Descriptor );
            
            static constexpr size_t BufferSize( const Type& object ) noexcept
            {
                if constexpr ( TypeTraits::Count > 0 )
                {
                    if constexpr ( Types::IsFixedSize<T>::value )
                    {
                        return Types::PackedSizeOf<T>::value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        size_t result = Apply( []( auto&... v )
                        {
                            return ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::BufferSize( v ) + ... );
                        }, reinterpret_cast<const TupleType&>(object) );
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    return 0;
                }
            }

            template<typename Writer>
            static constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const Type& object )
            {
                Apply( [&writer]( auto&... v )
                {
                    ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Write( writer, v ), ... );
                }, reinterpret_cast<const TupleType&>( object ) );
            }
            template<typename Reader>
            static constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, T& object )
            {
                Apply( [&reader]( auto&... v )
                {
                    ( FormatTraits<decltype( v )>::Read( reader, v ), ... );
                }, reinterpret_cast<const TupleType&>( object ) );
            }
            

        };

    

        template<typename T, typename RT>
        struct ConstantFormatTraits : FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>
        {
            using Base = FormatTraitsBase<T, RT>;
        };



        template<typename T>
        struct FormatTraits :
            std::conditional_t
            <
              IsBasicType<T>, Persistent::Internal::BasicFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>,T>,
              std::conditional_t
              <
                IsArray<T>, Persistent::Internal::ArrayFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                std::conditional_t
                <  
                  IsPointer<T>, Persistent::Internal::PointerFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                  std::conditional_t
                  <
                    IsContainer<T>, Persistent::Internal::ContainerFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                    std::conditional_t
                    < 
                      IsTupleType<T>, Persistent::Internal::TupleFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                      std::conditional_t
                      < 
                        IsStdOptional<T>, Persistent::Internal::OptionalFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                        std::conditional_t
                        <
                          IsStdUniquePtr<T>, Persistent::Internal::UniquePtrFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                          std::conditional_t
                          <
                            IsStdSharedPtr<T>, Persistent::Internal::SharedPtrFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                            std::conditional_t
                            <
                              IsStdVariant<T>, Persistent::Internal::VariantFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                              std::conditional_t
                              <
                                IsTypeList<T>, Persistent::Internal::TypeListFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                                std::conditional_t
                                <
                                  IsConstant<T>, Persistent::Internal::ConstantFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                                  std::conditional_t
                                  <
                                    Types::IsAdapted<T>, Persistent::Internal::AdaptedFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T>,
                                    Persistent::Internal::UnsupportedFormatTraits<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, T> 
                                  >
                                >
                              >
                            >
                          >
                        >
                      >
                    >
                  >
                >
              > 
            >
        { };

    }

    template<typename T>
    class Constant
    {
        using RawType = T;
        using Type = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;

    };


    
    /// <summary>
    /// Computes a binary description of the arguments
    /// that can be used to decode the serialized data
    /// on the receiving end.
    /// </summary>
    template<typename ...Args>
    constexpr auto Descriptor( Args&& ... args )
    {
        if constexpr ( sizeof...( Args ) > 0 )
        {
            using Types = TypeList<Args...>;
            using FormatTraitsT = Internal::FormatTraits<Types>;
            return FormatTraitsT::Descriptor;
        }
        else
        {
            return MakeTuple( static_cast<Byte>( 4 ), static_cast<Byte>( 1 ), Types::UtilityTypeId::TypeList, ModifierFlags::None, static_cast<Byte>( 0 ), static_cast<Byte>( 0 ) );
        }
    }

    template<typename ...Types>
    struct DescriptorType
    {
    private:
        using FormatTraitsT = Internal::FormatTraits<TypeList<Types...>>;
    public:
        using type = typename FormatTraitsT::DescriptorType;
        static constexpr auto value = FormatTraitsT::Descriptor;
    };

    template<>
    struct DescriptorType<>
    {
        using type = Tuple<Byte, Byte, Types::UtilityTypeId, ModifierFlags, Byte, Byte>;
        static constexpr auto value = MakeTuple( static_cast<Byte>( 4 ), static_cast<Byte>( 1 ), Types::UtilityTypeId::TypeList, ModifierFlags::None, static_cast<Byte>( 0 ), static_cast<Byte>( 0 ) );
    };





    
    /// <summary>
    /// Returns true if the size of the buffer required to 
    /// serialize the arguments is independent of the contents
    /// of each argument.
    /// </summary>
    template<typename ...Args>
    inline constexpr bool IsFixedSize( const Args& ... args )
    {
        if constexpr ( sizeof...( Args ) > 0 )
        {
            return ( Types::IsFixedSize<Args>::value && ... );
        }
        else
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    

    /// <summary>
    /// Calculates the size of the buffer required to serialize
    /// the data passed as arguments to the function.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// if IsFixedSize( ... ) returns true for the set of arguments
    /// then none of the arguments varies in size between invocations
    /// and BufferSize( ... ) will allways return the same value
    /// </remarks>
    template<typename ...Args>
    inline constexpr size_t BufferSize( const Args& ... args )
    {
        if constexpr ( sizeof...( Args ) > 0 )
        {
            return ( Internal::FormatTraits<Args>::BufferSize( args ) + ... );
        }
        else
        {
            return 0;
        }
    }

    template<typename Writer, typename ...Args>
    inline constexpr void Write( Writer& writer, const Args& ... args )
    {
        if constexpr ( sizeof...( Args ) > 0 )
        {
            ( Internal::FormatTraits<Args>::Write( writer, args ), ... );
        }
    }

    template<typename Reader, typename ...Args>
    inline constexpr void Read( Reader& reader, Args& ... args )
    {
        if constexpr ( sizeof...( Args ) > 0 )
        {
            ( Internal::FormatTraits<Args>::Read( reader, args ), ... );
        }
    }

    
    inline bool IsBasicTypeDescriptor( const Byte* descriptor, size_t descriptorSize ) noexcept
    {
        if ( descriptorSize == 8 &&
            descriptor[0] == 6 &&
            descriptor[1] == 1 &&
            descriptor[2] == static_cast<Byte>( Types::UtilityTypeId::TypeList ) &&
            descriptor[3] == static_cast<Byte>( ModifierFlags::None ) &&
            descriptor[4] == 2 &&
            descriptor[5] == 1 &&
            descriptor[6] >= static_cast<Byte>( Types::BasicTypeIdMin ) &&
            descriptor[6] >= static_cast<Byte>( Types::BasicTypeIdMax ) &&
            ( (descriptor[7] & static_cast<Byte>( Persistent::ModifierFlags::Array | Persistent::ModifierFlags::Fixed | Persistent::ModifierFlags::Sequence )) == static_cast<Byte>( Persistent::ModifierFlags::None ) ) )
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    template<typename T>
        requires ((IsStdVector<T> || IsCoreVector<T> || IsStdSpan<T>) && std::is_same_v<Byte, typename std::remove_cvref_t<T>::value_type >)
    inline bool IsBasicTypeDescriptor(const T& bytes )
    {
        return IsBasicTypeDescriptor( bytes.data(), bytes.size() );
    }


    inline bool IsIntegerBasicTypeDescriptor( const Byte* descriptor, size_t descriptorSize ) noexcept
    {
        if ( descriptorSize == 8 &&
            descriptor[0] == 6 &&
            descriptor[1] == 1 &&
            descriptor[2] == static_cast<Byte>( Types::UtilityTypeId::TypeList ) &&
            descriptor[3] == static_cast<Byte>( ModifierFlags::None ) &&
            descriptor[4] == 2 &&
            descriptor[5] == 1 &&
            ( (descriptor[7] & static_cast<Byte>( Persistent::ModifierFlags::Array | Persistent::ModifierFlags::Fixed | Persistent::ModifierFlags::Sequence )) == static_cast<Byte>( Persistent::ModifierFlags::None ) ) )
        {
            auto typeId = static_cast<Types::BasicTypeId>( descriptor[6] );
            switch ( typeId )
            {
                case Types::BasicTypeId::Unknown:
                case Types::BasicTypeId::Boolean:
                case Types::BasicTypeId::Char:
                case Types::BasicTypeId::WChar:
                case Types::BasicTypeId::Single:
                case Types::BasicTypeId::Double:
                    return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            return false;
        }
    }

    template<typename T>
        requires ( ( IsStdVector<T> || IsCoreVector<T> || IsStdSpan<T> ) && std::is_same_v<Byte, typename std::remove_cvref_t<T>::value_type > )
    inline bool IsIntegerBasicTypeDescriptor( const T& bytes )
    {
        return IsIntegerBasicTypeDescriptor( bytes.data( ), bytes.size( ) );
    }

}

#pragma pack(pop)
#endif

After posting the message, the C++ code doesn't look all that bad, even if some of the template stuff could do with a bit more coloring.

I pasted the code 'as-is', and it is actually readable on the site Thumbs Up | :thumbsup:

. If I remember correctly this used to be a big 'no-no' some years ago, and everything had to be encoded as HTML.

Quote:
Ugh. The apostrophe separated numbers are just...ugh.

They have, as you know, been a part of C++ for some time now, and they makes big numbers more readable: 1000000000000 vs 1'000'000'000'000 - while 1'0 is just silly compared to 10

Have a nice weekend Smile | :)

modified 26-Jun-21 5:08am.

Nelek26-Jun-21 1:09

Nelek

26-Jun-21 1:09

Espen Harlinn wrote:
They have, as you know, been a part of C++ for some time now, and they makes big numbers more readable: 1000000000000 vs 1'000'000'000'000 - while 1'0 is just silly compared to 10

He likes it with commas.
1'000'000'000'000 versus 1,000,000,000,000
Second one should not give formatting problems.

M.D.V.

If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.

Espen Harlinn26-Jun-21 1:28

26-Jun-21 1:28

Quote:
Second one should not give formatting problems.

Since we are talking about code examples, my guess is that most people would expect them to compile …

Nelek26-Jun-21 3:18

Nelek

26-Jun-21 3:18

Are you not asking too much? Roll eyes | :rolleyes:

M.D.V.

Nelek25-Jun-21 8:20

Nelek

25-Jun-21 8:20

Workarounds for Code Project's Text Editor[^] Roll eyes | :rolleyes:

Although the one of SQL was fixed... I suppose I should edit it, but I am lazy Poke tongue | ;-P

M.D.V.

Espen Harlinn25-Jun-21 12:06

In Q&A, TextBox messing user input.

25-Jun-21 12:06

Thanks Nelek, I've seen it before Smile | :)

Patrice T17-Jun-21 10:38

Patrice T

17-Jun-21 10:38

In Q&A and probably in other places, TextBoxes (including comments) are changing user input on their own.
- During user input/edition, preview look good.
- When 'Submit you question' is hit, a process alter user input.

C++

// because of '< ' anything goes well
for(int i=0; i< n; i++) {
    a += i;
}

C++

// because of '<n' anything after it gets lost
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    a += i;
}

C++

// if there is '<n' 2 times, everything in between is messed
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    a += i;
}
for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    a += i;
}

Encoding the input prevent problems.
My understanding:
As soon '<n' is encountered, process recognize as beginning of xml/html tag and remove anything after it if there is only 1.
If there is 2 '<n', anything in between gets altered with some '=""' inserted between words.

I think it would be more natural if the feature was deactivated by default

I am sure I already reported same thing, but unable to find it in forum history.

Patrice

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.” Albert Einstein

Greg Utas17-Jun-21 11:55

Greg Utas

17-Jun-21 11:55

When you don't put a space before and after a binary operator, this is what happens. Cruel but fair. Laugh | :laugh:

Robust Services Core | Software Techniques for Lemmings | Articles
The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.

Patrice T17-Jun-21 12:00

Patrice T

17-Jun-21 12:00

See Solution 1 Find largest partial sum in the question below[^]
OP (new menber) forgot to use the 'code' button.

Patrice

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.” Albert Einstein

Matthew Dennis21-Jun-21 4:55

Matthew Dennis

21-Jun-21 4:55

I will take a look at this.

"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."

Patrice T21-Jun-21 18:27

Patrice T

21-Jun-21 18:27

Thank you.
you can see problem in this question, OP just forgot to use the <pre> tag.
How can I change this code to solve n equation? .[^]
Would be nice to be able to block the changing process.

Patrice

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.” Albert Einstein