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I downloaded several SVD c++ code, but they all have same error.
by SVD theory, a matrix A(mxn) (m: rows, n: columns) can be decomposed as
A(mxn) = U(mxm) * S(mxn) * V'(nxn)
(U, S and V are matrices)
U and V must be orthogonal matrices:
U x U' = U' x U = E, V x V' = V' x V = E
(E is identity matrix)
Problem:
if m > n, those codes generate U' x U = E (correct), but U' x U != E (error).
they are all correct for V.
Because all of codes have the same error, I think U should be this way even it is not satisfy SVD theory.
Or all codes are wrong (sounds not reasonable.)
How do you think about? maybe I have to download more C++ source codes to test?
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This is mathematics not C++, so you need to go through the code to find out where the calculation is wrong.
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Quote: if m > n, those codes generate U' x U = E (correct), but U' x U != E (error).
Probably you meant
if m > n, those codes generate U' x U = E (correct), but U x U' != E (error).
Anyway, if U' x U = E then U' = U<sup>-1</sup>, therefore U x U' = E.
THESE PEOPLE REALLY BOTHER ME!! How can they know what you should do without knowing what you want done?!?!
-- C++ FQA Lite
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You are right, I should go back to school now.
thanks.
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You are welcome.
Don't become discouraged, maybe rounding made things more complex in your case.
THESE PEOPLE REALLY BOTHER ME!! How can they know what you should do without knowing what you want done?!?!
-- C++ FQA Lite
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I am getting back into “real coding” and as usual have academic question, I hope.
I am collecting raw data from 10 bits A/D - in uint16_t.
The FFT class I am using uses double to calculate stuff.
My silly question is – should I build overloaded function(s) using double type of variable or can I just cast the raw data as (double) function parameter?
Will casting do much damage to FFT processing?
Since I don't know how the processed data should look like, I need to make sure using casts is OK or not..
Thanks for your time and help
Cheers Vaclav
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I am not sure what you mean by "do much damage to."
You can use a cast and pass the values as doubles but it will slow things down somewhat.
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Thanks.
Speed penalty is immaterial since doing FFT is relatively "time consuming" already.
What I met was - will the FFT be reasonably accurate giving the (Arduino) processor hardware constrains. I guess I'll know after I reconstitute known signal.
Cheers Vaclav
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You just need to convert the values by simple expressions of the form:
double doubleValue = integerValue;
Whether you do this before calling your function or within it is up to you.
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So casting is a bad idea?
What exactly is the difference between cast and redefinition?
As a secondary question - the initial raw values are in an array in RAM.
I pass a pointer to this int array either by redefining it as double or as a cast.
I am not far enough it the coding , but I think the raw array is processed / modified.
How does it affect the original RAM size?
I assume it it still intact as int array, not a double.
Microprocessor has limited RAM and to process the signal using FFT the original raw data array needs to be as large as feasible ( right now I am testing the code using 64 "samples" ) - to fit it into RAM plus processed data by FFT.
Thanks for your help.
Cheers Vaclav
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Vaclav_Sal wrote: So casting is a bad idea?
Not at all, but you need to understand what you are doing when you use it. A cast is used to tell the compiler that you want to treat one object type as another, and that you understand the potential side effects.
Vaclav_Sal wrote: What exactly is the difference between cast and redefinition?
Not sure I understand what you mean by "redefinition" in this context.
Vaclav_Sal wrote: I pass a pointer to this int array either by redefining it as double or as a cast.
That does not make sense, you cannot use a cast to pretend that an array of integers is an array of doubles, they are totally different types.
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Richard,
I read it as you have redefined int variable as double variable.
OK, this is getting into "what if" area.
I am going to build the raw data as double to start with and later on find a microprocessor with more RAM than this one so I do not have to limit the sample length.
Here is yet another question - because the original data is 10 bits and I do not want to carry any garbage in unused bits - how do I mask the 10 bits into double ( 32 bits) variable?
Which in these four 8 bits are the value and which are after the "decimal points" values?
Sorry , I just do not know the proper mathematical English terms.
Or maybe I just use "redefinition" from int to double on the result of the AD conversion, as you suggested, just KISS.
BTW as I suspected - the original raw data gets processed few times over to various FFT data. I need to analyze the original code to find out how did the raw data started as int array and was processed into double. IMHO that would messed up the memory big time - unless the int array dimension is doubled to make room for the half sized double array.
FFT results are "symetrical" , thus the "samples" are cut in half.
Fun.
Cheers Vaclav
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No that was not a redefinition but a conversion.
int integerValue = 233;
double doubleValue = integerValue;
I am getting a bit confused as to your raw data and what format it takes. If it is in integer form and you need to convert it to double values then you need to use expressions like the above to convert it.
It's a long time since I did any serious maths, so forgive me if I struggle to understand your questions.
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Lets try this approach
int integerValue = 233;
Orignaly the integerValue valid data is 10 bits instead of full 16
It is in two 8 bits registers
Only 10 bits are defined so I mask it with 0x3FF, that may be ovekill, but safe.
double doubleValue = integerValue; // the integer value is converted to a double
// and stored in the new variable
I understand the above , I used wrong therm calling it conversion.
My basic question is
what is the difference between these
function( doublevalue,...
function( (double) integerValue,....
BTW the parameter passed is a pointer.
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function( doublevalue,...
function( (double) integerValue,....
However, if you are passing a pointer to the array of integers then you connot use anything like the above. You must pass it as an integer pointer and the called function will then do the conversion. Something like:
double function(int* myArrayOfIntegers, int count)
{
double result = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
double temp = myArrayOfIntegers[i]; }
return result;
}
int* theIntegers = new int[theCount];
double theAnswer = function(theIntegers, theCount);
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Hello Richard,
this is getting really interesting.
Here is some stuff to think about.
It all started by compiler complaining about integer pointer being passed to function expecting double pointer.
Second - I put together two sources - one collecting 10 bits of data into 16 bits integer array and not processing anything, just collecting.
The second source builds / emulates sine wave into array of doubles and that gets processed by FFT. So I replaced the emulated (double) data with real (integer) collected data.
My thinking is - if I cast or build a new variable as double it will take an 16 bit integer and process it as double, than what will happen to the original array ?
I am still learning about FFT , but as far as I can tell the first FFT function puts new data (normal pointer behavior) into the original (integer ) array as what ? Integer? I don't think so. ( And how is the pointer advanced? If as double will it skip next ADC data?)
I think the only way is to collect the ADC data into double array from get go.
And that was the OP question.
Thanks for all your help.
Cheers Vaclav
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Vaclav_Sal wrote: this is getting really interesting.
Not really, it's pretty basic stuff. As I said before, you cannot send a pointer to an array of integers to a function that expects a pointer to an array of doubles. The types are totally different so your program would just be processing garbage. I showed you in my previous message how to pass the array of integers to the function that needs the values as doubles. That is all there is to it, the compiler will generate the correct code to convert each integer to a double as you process them. The resulting double values can then be used in your FFT calculations.
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Vaclav_Sal wrote: one collecting 10 bits of data into 16 bits integer array
This is common for transferring along byte boundaries. If you transmit 10bits, how many bytes are you moving across a network? ...yeah, integer numbers are desirable for network operations. Pretty much all receivers/digitizers do this.
Vaclav_Sal wrote: if I cast or build a new variable as double it will take an 16 bit integer and
process it as double, than what will happen to the original array ?
When casting, nothing happens to your original data, a copy is made. Although as Richard already mentioned, you can't simply cast a whole array, since your element spacing will be different (16bit vs 32bit array elements).
Vaclav_Sal wrote: I am still learning about FFT , but as far as I can tell the first FFT function
puts new data (normal pointer behavior) into the original (integer )
array as what ? Integer?
Output of most FFT routines is a float or double (depending on whether it's "single" or "double" precision math).
Vaclav_Sal wrote: I think the only way is to collect the ADC data into double array
from get go.
Not going to happen. Analog to digital converters (and most hardware for that matter) deal with integers (you'll commonly hear the term fixed point math, that's why).
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Thanks for reply.
Somehow I did not get the message across and the main question is getting muddled by stuff I am not so concerned about.
The bottom line - which I actually just wanted someone to confirm - is that casting pointers from integer to double is a stupid idea.
Thanks
Case closed
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I need to convert a CString to a double, but the function
swscanf_s only operates on float's.
What should I use to convert to a double?
The difficult we do right away...
...the impossible takes slightly longer.
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You can use the wide char versions of atof()[^] or strtod()[^]. If the string does not begin with the numeric value (spaces are ignored), you must parse the string and pass a pointer to the value's offset.
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Signed integers seem to be a minefield of undefined behaviour lurking around every corner. You can't even add them without potentially blowing up the Death Star, unless you test for potential overflow first.
Should they be avoided? How should this be dealt with? How bad is it to pretend it's not a problem?
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know your data. check bounds.
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And here I've been wrestling with unsigned longs (in C#) for the last few days... 
Consider:
ulong max = 1UL << 63 ;
for ( ulong i = max - 1 ; i < max ; i-- )
How many people will freak out when they see the test in the for statement?
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