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The stalls have doors, obviously! But most places don't have a door to the toilet area itself, just a long twisted corridor.
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Not in my neck of the woods, they don't. Doors on most entrances as well as cubicles.
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Well, years ago I read in Science News (a layman's digest of scientific journal papers and conventions) that someone had done some research showing that soap (anti-bacterial or not) is essentially irrelevant -- 90% or more of bacteria is removed simply by washing with water. I believe this would be a study that meets your criteria, but I seriously doubt I can find the article, even though Science News has an online presence[^]. Certainly my feeble attempt failed!
Marc
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Proper handwashing promotes wellness in child care
JP Niffenegger - Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 1997 - Elsevier
http://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245%2897%2990141-3/abstract
The effect of a soap promotion and hygiene education campaign on handwashing behaviour in rural India: a cluster randomised trial
Adam Biran, Wolf-Peter Schmidt, et. al., Tropical Medicine & International Health
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02373.x/full
Those are just abstracts though, but those are old studies.
----------------
Now, for facts that I have read in several places, but do not have references I can cite. (You predicted you would get such facts, and I won't disappoint you - beside, you only asked for peer-reviewed articles, but not for such articles for every single statement that is made!) One of these places where I read such facts is Scientific American, and in the specific issue, I believe there was a peer-reviewed reference for the fact I am about to relate. The fact is, there are more bacteria cells in the human body that are not the body's cells, i.e. they have different DNA, then there are human cells in the human body!
Also, if interested in the spread of disease, then the question about a statistically significant difference in bacteria with washing and not washing is not the only relevant question. Bacteria are a part of the human ecosystem. Certain types of bacteria that can be picked up in the environment are more likely to cause disease than the natural bacteria that exist in the body. Or to put it more accurately, there are both bad and good bacteria in the human body, but mostly good ones that consume resources and keep the bad bacteria in-check.
----------------
By the way, another real peer-reviewed study, which again I cannot cite, found that children raised with pets had fewer allergies later in life than those who were raised in very clean environments. I know a lot about allergies as I am very allergic to a number of things and I've been treated by a Harvard-educated allergist who related a lot of information I won't go into here. Allergies are caused by the body's immune system attacking things that aren't bad. The theory is that the children with pets had more exposure to bacteria, which primes a young child's immune system to learn what to attack and what to ignore. That, however, is just a theory and has not yet been proven.
In other words, avoiding bacteria too much can be bad too, particularly when young. But it is clear that washing hands is good to avoid the spread of disease.
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I've heard this theory and I think that while it may have some merit, however in my particular case it wouldn't be very applicable. I have lots of allergies and my family had all kinds of domesticated animals when I was growing up. Some of what we had were birds (parakeets, cockatiel and a parrot), cats, goldfish, dogs (no more than 2 at any point in time), hermit crabs, iguana, gerbils, hamsters... and I'm sure I've forgotten some others that were at home and my sister had a horse. If this reduced my allergies, I'd hate to see what my life would have been without the menagerie. However, my allergies are comparable to my mother's, so perhaps this only applies to people with allergies that aren't genetic?
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This might help: How to wash your hands[^] (cdc.gov - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
There is a list of references and studies at the end and a search for 'hand wash' on the site turns up quite a few results.
Cheers,
--Russ
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Did you even read the titles of the results? Not a single paper in the list addresses my question. Though, maybe I will email the researchers, I am curious. Someone must know!
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I was just daydreaming and thinking about the differences between the HTTP GET and POST verbs (OK, I'm a little tired, OK? The mind wanders) and I suddenly remembered a trick I had to do in the wee early days of the internet when posting article content. We used to have to split the content into small chunks before sending it in the form postback, and then rebuild it on the server end.
What sort of relatively recent stuff (this was 10 years ago) did you used to have to do to get your apps to work?
cheers
Chris Maunder
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Gawd!
Back in the early days (when I was all embedded, and only had 4K of ROM and 4K of RAM to play with) there were all the tricks: self modifying code, undocumented processor features (that only worked in the pre V3 hardware mask), hand tuned spaghetti assembler, all the kinds of things that I recoil from these days!
Nowadays, all I have to do is pour the blood of a virgin sacrifice into the DVD drive and Windows does the rest...
Mind you, you wouldn't believe how hard it is find that around here these days!
Those who fail to learn history are doomed to repeat it. --- George Santayana (December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952)
Those who fail to clear history are doomed to explain it. --- OriginalGriff (February 24, 1959 – ∞)
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OriginalGriff wrote: all I have to do is pour the blood of a virgin sacrifice into the DVD drive and Windows does the rest...
Right. And just where are you going to find a virgin in your part of the world?
Will Rogers never met me.
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Lambing season 
If your neighbours don't listen to The Ramones, turn it up real loud so they can.
“We didn't have a positive song until we wrote 'Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue!'” ― Dee Dee Ramone
"The Democrats want my guns and the Republicans want my porno mags and I ain't giving up either" - Joey Ramone
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eBay!
Those who fail to learn history are doomed to repeat it. --- George Santayana (December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952)
Those who fail to clear history are doomed to explain it. --- OriginalGriff (February 24, 1959 – ∞)
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OriginalGriff wrote: eBay!
You know, part of the spam filters you should apply is your mind. If something is too good to be true... Virginity on auction, Really???
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KP Lee wrote: Virginity on auction, Really???
Yes, really...[^] 
Those who fail to learn history are doomed to repeat it. --- George Santayana (December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952)
Those who fail to clear history are doomed to explain it. --- OriginalGriff (February 24, 1959 – ∞)
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That's just like the E-mail that wants to send me $5000/wk until the $1m is disbursed to me. (or better yet, the $1.3) All I have to do is send my name and address and maybe some other harmless information like my Social Security Card # or my bank #, to get all this money sent to me. Generally because I'm a victim of a scam or they want me to help them steal the money for a generous split. I like the fact they intend to re-sell the virginity once it has been sold the first time.
It's both amusing and sad to think how gullible they think I am. (Sad because: they do it because it is a profitable ploy.)
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+5 for being one of the elite.
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OriginalGriff wrote: pour the blood of a virgin sacrifice
Way back in the Before Times, children, I worked in the computer center at our local Air Force base. We were having a Cray supercomputer installed in the front of the 2 acre computer room. It's the only time I've seen an installation have gawkers. I observed to the other folks from my office who were with me that we needed to find a virgin operator to sacrifice on it before starting it up for the first time. The joke of course being the notion of a virgin operator, since it was well known that the operators (especially those on the night crew) humped like weasels in out of the way corners of the computer room at every opportunity.
Software Zen: delete this;
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OriginalGriff wrote: Back in the early days (when I was all embedded, and only had 4K of ROM and 4K of RAM to play with) there were all the tricks: self modifying code, undocumented processor features (that only worked in the pre V3 hardware mask), hand tuned spaghetti assembler, all the kinds of things that I recoil from these days!
And here I thought I had purged memories of debugging code where the original programmer was jumping into the middle of instructions hoping they'd be interpreted as NOPs just to save a byte here and there to make the game fit into a 2K ROM cartridge.
I remember we tried jumping up and down on the chips, but it didn't make the bits fit any better, but we all felt better nonetheless.
Psychosis at 10
Film at 11
Those who do not remember the past, are doomed to repeat it.
Those who do not remember the past, cannot build upon it.
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flip the NEXT switch UP once to advance to the next memory location, enter the instruction using the 8 DATA switches, then flip the WRITE switch once to save it. 
Will Rogers never met me.
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Bet you were glad when they finally invented the wheel so beer trolly didn't spill as much beer.
Jeez...
cheers
Chris Maunder
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If doing that in school counts I've entered code that way (68000 breadboard computer in an electronics class) and I'm 95% sure I'm younger than you are. 
Did you ever see history portrayed as an old man with a wise brow and pulseless heart, waging all things in the balance of reason?
Is not rather the genius of history like an eternal, imploring maiden, full of fire, with a burning heart and flaming soul, humanly warm and humanly beautiful?
--Zachris Topelius
Training a telescope on one’s own belly button will only reveal lint. You like that? You go right on staring at it. I prefer looking at galaxies.
-- Sarah Hoyt
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I remember flipping switches when the machine we used for communications went down. I would get a call from the field and had to walk to the other side of the building and start the boot switching sequence.
The report of my death was an exaggeration - Mark Twain
Simply Elegant Designs JimmyRopes Designs
I'm on-line therefore I am.
JimmyRopes
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I remember that about 30 years ago, the links to the UK JANet network (Joint Academic Network) used PDP11s as communications servers which needed half a dozen instructions toggled into the front panel to boot the main program.
I used to be able to do it from memory! BOOM! BOOM!
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