Natural User Interfaces make some serious buzz these days - not without a reason. Natural User Interfaces (NUIs) literally change the way people interact with computers. They create new patterns, new means of communication, and new business opportunities. We can now play football without a controller. We can create personalized 3D models of the human body. We can accurately track finger movements. Computers are able to even understand our voice and what we mean. A few days ago, Microsoft announced HoloLens: an innovative way of viewing and interacting with holograms.

Guess what: if I was writing this article 5 years ago, all that would be pure Science Fiction. Today, all these possibilities are absolutely feasible using inexpensive 3D sensors and smart software. A lot of Universities are already including NUI classes in their schedule and more and more Computer Science students are familiarizing themselves with the technology of tomorrow.

If you are following this blog for a while, you already know that I’ve been using Kinect, Leap Motion and RealSense in client projects. During the past few weeks (including the recent Christmas holidays), I have been playing with a variety of 3D sensors. Throughout this article, I’ll present the dominant NUI sensors and how you can utilize them in your company or startup!

NUI Wars Office | Kinect, Leap Motion, Structure, RealSense, Myo

(Yeap, that’s a picture of my office during the recent holidays…)

How 3D sensors work

A “sensor” is a mechanical device which understands the physical world and interprets it into bits and bytes. For example, a common RBG camera is a sensor that interprets the physical light into red, green, and blue color values. Computer software can then read the values and display the corresponding image. A 3D sensor uses infrared beams and depth processors to understand the distance of the physical elements. Almost every modern NUI sensor uses one infrared camera or a combination of multiple cameras.

The most significant innovation of

Let’s have a closer look at the most popular sensors.

Kinect

Manufacturer: Microsoft

NUI Wars - Kinect

Kinect is currently the dominant solution for real-time body tracking. Kinect combines an HD color camera, a depth processor and an infrared sensor to effectively track up to 6 human bodies. Moreover, it can recognize a few thousand face points. The developer API is mature enough for business opportunities. Kinect originally debuted as a gaming accessory for the XBOX console. Soon after its initial release, hackers from all around the world started building Kinect apps on PCs and Macs. Four years after the first version, Microsoft announced the successor Kinect version 2, with higher-resolution cameras and improved accuracy. Kinect version 2 is the trusted solution for NUI business apps and games. You can submit your apps to Windows Store.

Pros

Complete human body tracking – supports 25 joints
Accurate face tracking – access thousands of facial points
Detection of facial expressions
Reliable voice recognition

Cons

Requires a powerful Windows PC
Device setup (wires, AC adapter, hub) should be simplified

Product information

Purchase a Kinect for Windows sensor (or a Kinect for XBOX sensor with an adapter)
Download the SDK

Leap Motion

Manufacturer: Leap Motion

NUI Wars - LeapMotion

Leap debuted in 2012 and offered the most accurate hand tracking solution at the most affordable price. Leap uses 2 monochromatic infrared cameras and three LEDs, providing 300 frames per second. The sensor can recognize hand states, fingers and joints. Also, the SDK has native support for basic gestures out-of-the-box. Using Leap, you can control your PC without touching the keyboard. Gaming and medical fields will probably benefit from Leap in the future. If you are already building a Leap Motion application, consider uploading it to Leap’s online app store.

(Watch Orthosense project video, by Kinetisense)

Pros

Complete finger and wrist tracking – supports 15 joints
Supports all major operating systems (Windows, Mac, Linux)

Cons

Sensor normally loses accuracy when you rotate your hands 180 degrees

Product information

Structure

Manufacturer: Occipital

NUI Wars - Structure

Occipital grasped the need for mobile 3D cameras early on. While the rest of the world is waiting for Project Tango, Occipital released Structure sensor: the first 3D camera that needs no power supply and can easily connect to your iPad Air or iPad Mini tablet. The sensor gives access to depth and infrared data, and also provides a method to map the depth data to the RGB data of the iPad’s camera. Occipital is also maintaining OpenNI, a sensor-agnostic framework that enables human body tracking capabilities. The OpenNI is not fully ported to iOS yet, but we are eager to see the end result.

Pros

Lightweight, mobile sensor
No need of constant power supply
OpenNI (when ready)
“Hacker” cable to connect to a PC or Mac computer

Cons

No actual body tracking on the iPad yet
No face tracking

Product information

RealSense

Manufacturer: Intel

NUI Wars - RealSense

Intel could not stay out of the NUI game. RealSense, although still in beta, is an all-in-one solution for face tracking, hand tracking and voice recognition. RealSense is the best solution if you need both face and finger tracking. It is not as accurate as Kinect or Leap, however, it can decently do both; and at a relatively lower price. Moreover, RealSense is probably the prettiest and most convenient sensor. You can place it comfortably on top of your screen or your desk.

Pros

Hand, finger, and face tracking
Detection of facial expressions
Reliable voice recognition
The awesome commercials, starring Sheldon Cooper

Cons

Accuracy – not suitable when you need high precision

Product information

Orders will be available soon
Download the SDK

Myo

Manufacturer: Thalmic Labs

NUI Wars - Myo

Myo is quite different than the aforementioned sensors. Why? Because it’s wearable. Myo is an armband that communicates with your computer or smartphone using Bluetooth (or USB). The device integrates three sensors: a gyroscope, a magnetometer and an accelerometer. Measuring the energy of your muscles, it can understand how you move and rotate your arm or fist! Myo also has its own app store, called Myo Market.

Pros

Accurate muscle motion tracking
Connects with your PC, Mac, iOS or Android device

Cons

Uncomfortable for every-day use
Most use-case scenarios require additional equipment (such as drones or smart homes)

Product information

Which one should I use?

Everything depends on what you need to build. If you need accurate body tracking or face tracking, Kinect is the way to go. If mobility is your primary concern, prefer Structure. I strongly believe that, if Structure ever manages to resurrect OpenNI, it will open a new road to mobile gaming. Just imagine an iPad (the most popular tablet) performing body tracking…

If your project needs reliable finger tracking and finger range-of-motion, Leap is a decent solution. RealSense, which is in beta version right now, could be used as a cheap alternative to Kinect or Leap. The current version provides decent face and tracking mechanisms, but do not expect it to be better than Kinect or Leap.

Finally, it seems that Myo is creating a whole new market in the wearable computing industry. It’s lacking real-world scenarios, but its capabilities seem quite impressive so far.

The show must go on!

So, what do you think? Which sensor are you using and which one are you planning to use for your project? Let me know in the comments below.

PS: Developer information

If you are planning to develop for any of the above sensors, these are the languages, frameworks and platforms each SDK supports:

Sensor	Operating Systems	Languages / Engines
Kinect	Windows 8+ Windows Embedded 8	C++ C# Visual Basic Unity
Leap Motion	Windows 7+ MacOS X 10.7+	C++ C# (Unity) Objective-C JavaScript
Structure	Windows 7+ MacOS X x64 Linux iOS 7+	Objective-C (any OpenNI-supported language)
RealSense	Windows 8.1	C++ C# Java JavaScript Processing Unity
Myo	Windows 7/8 MacOS X 10.8+ iOS 7+ Android 4.3+	C++ Objective-C Java Lua Unity …and more

* I would like to thank our partners from Kinetisense for providing me with a RealSense device. Wish good luck to their new product, Orthosense.

The post NUI Wars Part 1: Overview appeared first on Vangos Pterneas.

How 3D sensors work

Kinect

Manufacturer: Microsoft

Pros

Cons

Product information

Leap Motion

Manufacturer: Leap Motion

Pros

Cons

Product information

Structure

Manufacturer: Occipital

Pros

Cons

Product information

RealSense

Manufacturer: Intel

Pros

Cons

Product information

Myo

Manufacturer: Thalmic Labs

Pros

Cons

Product information

Which one should I use?

The show must go on!

PS: Developer information

Sensor

Operating Systems

Languages / Engines