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Sounds like a great addition to me.
And if I have understood it correctly there is no actual addition of nullable reference types.
What you get is an option where the compiler looks for possible null reference errors.
So when null references are EXPECTED you need to mark those fields as nullable to not get a warning.
Wrong is evil and must be defeated. - Jeff Ello
Never stop dreaming - Freddie Kruger
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I didn't / don't get it either.
If all your function does is return an object, what do you do when there's a problem?
I return null instead of throwing an exception (which seems to be the knee-jerk response).
New LINQ queries? We have FirstOrNull(), LastOrNull(). Will it now be FirstOrNullOrNotNull()?
It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it.
― Confucian Analects: Rules of Confucius about his food
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Returning null: Everything is fine, but the stuff you asked for does not exists which is expected to happen.
Throwing an exception: There is a problem - it is stopping me from getting the stuff you asked for, or it is really freaking weird it is missing - your data model probably exploded.
Two VERY different situations and if you handle them both the same - ehh... well.. ehhh... yikes.
Unfortunately it is not always clear-cut which is best, so you often end up wishing the API you use does "the opposite" (Queue.Dequeue, I am looking at you, it's not a freaking problem a queue is empty - it is vary often the desirable state). Some API's have both (TryDequeue would be nice).
But at least now I can look at the return type and know right away if whatever I call can return null or not.
Don't follow your comment on Linq. I think you have a misunderstanding of the nullable type system. All that will change is the return type of FirstOrNull will be of the nullable type - so if it is strings, FirstOrNull return type will be string? instead of just string.
Normally the compiler is on top of it, and will not bother you at all if you check for null before assigning it to a non-nullable string. If the compiler bothers you, maybe ask yourself if you really want to proceed with some code the compilers type system can't understand. If you do, simply override the null check with a !
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I've enabled them, and I quite like them.
Rob Philpott wrote: Nullable reference types (they're nullable already surely?)
Yes, perhaps the name of the feature is unfortunate. It may have been more accurate to call it "non-null by default" or something, but it's a mouthful. But whatever, it is what it is, and the name is what it is, even if the name and the thing it names are slightly different.
To me what this feature is (and I think some people in this thread are misinterpreting the feature), is a way to turn a NullReferenceException that would have happened at runtime (or worse: usually doesn't happen because it's on an uncommon code-path), into a warning at compile time. There is basically no downside. If you wrote code that was already null-safe, there's usually no warning, the checker is pretty clever about your explicit null tests and control flow. A few places in the code where null is actually expected need to have the infamous question mark added to make the warning go away, no big deal.
It's not an overbearing safety mechanism like Rusts borrow checker. You can ignore warnings, and you can lie through your teeth: the expression null! is valid and essentially means "I swear that this null here is not null". The compiler will believe you. You hold all the power, the compiler just occasionally alerts you to mistakes that you make. I think that's a good deal to make.
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I tried them first in swift where they are called more appropriately (at least to me) Optionals
They basically have the same syntax and behavior and they are neat! (unless you force unwrap a null value and everything explodes as a normal null usage would do)
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The way I see it, if you've turned on NRT, haven't got any strings with ? at the end, and no compiler errors, you're doing well 
I use NRT all the time, since it was in the prototype stages, and I love it. The ability for the compiler to warn when you're accidentally using something that is potentially null is really useful.
Especially things that you didn't previously realise could return null!
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How does this work?
So a string in the normal way can be null, but with nrt turned on will not accept null. This creates an ambiguity, so a string in something like an interface - a strict definition of properties and methods etc. can suddenly become ambiguous depending on the nrt context.
I'm struggling to see how this works in the framework and libraries. Well worn methods that have been around decades which return string but should now return string?. It's almost like you'd need two frameworks, one enabled for NRT and one not.
I don't get it. But I have decided to turn it on, and it'll all probably make sense soon.
Regards,
Rob Philpott.
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Bear in mind that this is a compiler-only thing - once compiled, all strings are back to being normally nullable.
If you have function declaration: void M(string s) { }, the idea is that you can be assured that s is going to be a not-null string. Because, where you call that function, you will be warned if you try M(null), or
string? s;
M(s);
The only times you are expected to test for null are:
1) If you receive a string? from a function. You should check for non-null before you use it.
2) Even if you have a not-null string parameter, if that method is external facing, another project may still send a null string
(obviously this all works for any reference type, not just strings...)
Does that help?
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It does - thank you. I think I should perhaps be figuring this out for myself rather than burdening others mind! Code below shows my confusion, a simple thing to write a text file to the console. Now I turn NRT on, my 'line' variable should now become type 'string?', but ReadLine() doesn't start suddenly returning 'string?', surely it maintains it's 'string' return type.
There is a (perceived by me) mismatch between my NRT code and the non-NRT framework.
public void Test()
{
using (StreamReader s = new StreamReader(@"c:\myfile.txt"))
{
string line = s.ReadLine();
while (line != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(line);
line = s.ReadLine();
}
}
}
You know what, I think I'll try it right now...
Regards,
Rob Philpott.
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It depends on which version of C# you're using.
In NET5 (or maybe even Core3.1), StreamReader#ReadLine does return string?.
All of the core library is now annotated with ? and attributes which assist the NRT parser.
You'll find this a lot in reflection and other methods which used to potentially return null.
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Yes I did just try my example, under .NET5 as it happens and the return type magically changed. I just find it a bit strange that turning on nullable here, makes something nullable over there. I notice also that 'HasValue' and 'Value' are missing to keep it in line with value types but I guess this is because its a compiler thing not a framework thing as you say..
Thanks for your help.
Regards,
Rob Philpott.
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Yeah, the Value and HasValue properties are possible for nullable value types, because they are implemented by wrapping the value type in a Nullable<T>. Nullable reference types is just a compiler warning wave telling you when a reference type is null and shouldn't be, etc.
The thing to remember is that StreamReader#ReadLine could always return null. The difference is that it now makes it clear by telling you "I return string?", as opposed to returning string and you not realising.
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NRE is pathetic try of MS to eliminate tons of idiotic mistakes made by indian monkeys coders.
PROBLEM is this cure more annoys normal developers, than helps 'em. NRE is one of stupid "improvements" by MS. Pity, but MS lost all professional developers and now current MS IQ is below 100.
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They do help catch some bugs at compile time... BUT I'm not convinced they're worth the effort or performance overhead in some stuff when they require checks the dev knows isn't needed.
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I have read about nullable types, including reference types. However, I have yet to find a use for them. I tend to write code as simple as I can so I find a lot of these new features seem to just offer me new ways of writing more complicated code.
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"they're nullable already surely?"
The point is by opting into nullables it makes them NON-nullable by default, rather than nullable by default.
I've dived in with both non-nullable reference types and C# 9 records in a greenfield project. A few sprints in and I'm really pleased with how it's influenced / affected the codebase. Records are wonderful for letting details stand out in simple classes, and their immutability drives your design down a positive path. Similarly with the non-nullable reference types, it can be a little jarring at first, but it pretty much just means the compiler can infer more than it could before, and points you to more issues. Sometimes they're "non-issues", that wouldn't really have mattered, but there have definitely been a couple of points where it's caused me to think something deeper that may have been an issue.
Null has its uses, and you're not stopped from using it. By introducing Nullable Reference Types into your codebase you're not avoiding the use of null, you're just making it absolutely clear when something can and when something can't be null. And in my opinion that's strong a positive.
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... or just too many people feels they have to put their marks on the most visible parts of VS...
"The only place where Success comes before Work is in the dictionary." Vidal Sassoon, 1928 - 2012
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Kornfeld Eliyahu Peter wrote: put their marks
You have to consider it in the correct context. I'll help you out on that:
This explains it and suggests some ways to improve the situation.[^]
| Ravings en masse^ |
|---|
| "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits." - Albert Einstein | | "If you are searching for perfection in others, then you seek disappointment. If you seek perfection in yourself, then you will find failure." - Balboos HaGadol Mar 2010 |
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Assembly level one in mournful music (10)
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So you are up tomorrow - what was the solution, I got nothin'.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
"Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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...is the great comments people post. I've submitted two simple articles (one was actually just a short tip) yesterday and the day before, and the feedback was excellent. Not only did I learn some things, but the reader who peruses the comments may learn a thing or two. Very nice! 
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 amen !
«One day it will have to be officially admitted that what we have christened reality is an even greater illusion than the world of dreams.» Salvador Dali
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All the time I thought that is all you need to know. The rest follows.
| 0 1
=========
0 | 1 1
1 | 1 0
Ok, this works just as well:
| 0 1
=========
0 | 1 0
1 | 0 0
Please don't tell me that there is more to write articles about.
I have lived with several Zen masters - all of them were cats.
His last invention was an evil Lasagna. It didn't kill anyone, and it actually tasted pretty good.
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Agreed, but I wish more people would comment and vote. I have an article that was viewed more than 7,000 times and the project was downloaded over 500 times, yet only a handful of viewers cared to vote or comment. Not that I only expect praise, I find all constructive comments very useful.
Get me coffee and no one gets hurt!
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Does your article answer a popular homework question? 
My peeve is voters who don't give it 5 but don't bother to comment. Even if they give it 4, their feedback might improve the article.
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