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Disclaimer: I never tried to do any such conversion myself.
But I read in the G.711 standard:
-------------------
If a m-A conversion is followed by an A-m conversion, most of the octets are restored to their original values. Only those octets which correspond to m-law decoder output value numbers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 are changed (the numbers being increased by 1). Moreover, in these octets, only bit No. 8 (least significant bit in PCM) is changed. Accordingly, the double conversion m-A-m is transparent to bits Nos. 1-7.
Similarly, if an A-m conversion is followed by a m-A conversion, only the octets corresponding to A-law decoder output value numbers 26, 28, 30, 32, 45, 47, 63 and 80 are changed. Again, only bit No. 8 is changed, i.e. the double conversion A-m-A, too, is transparent to bits No. 1-7.
A consequence of this property is that in most of the analogue voice frequency signal range the additional quantizing distortion caused by m-A-m or A-m-A conversion is considerably lower than that caused by either m-A or A-m conversion (see Recommendation G.113).
-------------------
It sounds to me like you cannot do a bit transparent mu-A-mu or A-mu-A conversion cycle. Extra distortion will be introduced. Maybe this is the distortion you are referring to.
In case you do not have the G.711 standard document (from which the above quote is taken), you can retrieve it from www.itu.int
Note the red text: Corresponding ANSI-C code is available in the G.711 module of the ITU-T G.191 Software Tools Library. This is a huge library; the source text fills almost 70 MB. You might find useful code there.
Religious freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make five.
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Thanks, I will look deeper into this and see where it leads. The distortion I speak of could very well be explained by this. I will need to look at a ulaw file that has not been encoded by my alaw/ulaw encoders first to determine if it's do to the specs or something within my encoders causing it.
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Further to the above excellent suggestions, why not create a 0..FF ramp and pass it through your process? Spotting the distortion would be very easy then.
Anything involving bit-shifting like this makes me very wary about sign extension. I've been bitten by assuming something is unsigned, wondering where all the high order 1's came from when I used >> .
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994. So does this signature. me, 2012
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Maybe a simple translation table like the one in this link? g711/ulaw.go at master · zaf/g711 · GitHub[^]
"the debugger doesn't tell me anything because this code compiles just fine" - random QA comment
"Facebook is where you tell lies to your friends. Twitter is where you tell the truth to strangers." - chriselst
"I don't drink any more... then again, I don't drink any less." - Mike Mullikins uncle
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Thanks for the link. The error was in fact in the Ulaw to Alaw Encoding, The output audio now sounds identical although the samples are different. I will have to look into this I assume it could be do to endianness.
modified 18-Sep-24 23:04pm.
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hi all,
is there any option to get image file thumbnail ,but without open the image file.
please guide me for this.
thanks in advance.
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Maybe hire a medium to generate their interpretation of the contents of a file they've never seen? 
Seriously, how do you think it would be possible to generate a smaller version of the image in a file without opening that file to see what the image is?
This sounds like an XY problem[^]. Perhaps if you ask for help with the issue you're actually trying to solve, rather than asking for help implementing the solution you think you need, then you might have better luck. 
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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To back up what Richard says, what you are asking for is logically impossible: it's like saying "write me a summary of this book, but don't read it first". You can't write an accurate summary without knowing what happens in the story!
The same applies to images: you can't create a thumbnail without access to the original image.
So as Richard suggests: think about the problem you are trying to solve instead of the solution you have conceived - there may be a better way to complete your task. Or even a possible one!
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
"Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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FileStream fs = new System.IO.FileStream(img_path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
img = Image.FromStream(fs);
Image imgThumb = img.GetThumbnailImage(thumbnailSize.Width, thumbnailSize.Height, null, IntPtr.Zero);
fs.Close();
fs.Dispose();
img.Dispose();
i use this for getting thumbnail, but it takes time if file is large,or i take tumbnail of multiple big size images....
that's why i ask its possible to get image thumbnail without using the image file.
is this possible with the use of "IExtractImage"
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You're going to have the performance problem no matter what. Even using whatever interface that is, it's going to have to open the file and read the entire thing to generate the thumbnail.
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As Dave has said, no - it's not possible.
However, there are two things you might consider to speed things up:
1) Cache your thumbnails. Create a new folder (if it doesn't exist) below the source image folder called "Thumbs", and when you need a thumbnail check that folder first for a file of the same name. If it exists, just read the thumbnail file. If it doesn't, generate the thumbnail and add it to the Thumbs folder. That doesn't speed everything up, but the second and successive times it will.
2) Do the above, but add a background thread that checks the images folder for "missing thumbs" and create them as needed. That again doesn't speed anything up, but it moves the generation into the background and "pre-prepares" thumbs that haven't been asked for yet.
Obviously, it'll take some work to ensure everything doesn't start colliding and your app crashes as a result, but it's that or insist that the images need to be added to your app before they are used (and creating the thumbnail then) - which may not be possible / convenient for your users / app.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
"Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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Some file formats allow embedding a thumbnail in metadata. For example JPG allows it in the EXIF data section.
Not all image formats support this, and even if they do, not all images will have it. And even if it is present, the quality might not be sufficient.
I have not looked at it for years (decade+) so have no code nor libraries, but maybe googling "EXIF thumbnail c#" or similar will help.
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Le@rner wrote: is there any option to get image file thumbnail ,but without open the image file.
Using those requirements and NOTHING else, then yes.
Create (or buy, acquire) say 100 or 1000 very small images.
Then for each file assign one of those to the file either sequentially or randomly. The number of files will determine if you produce repeats.
You could also just populate a small image with random data also. A variation of that is to use the name of the file and/or the current date/time as a seed for the random data.
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i am create a PDF file using Microsoft Print to PDF,
PaperSize paperSize = new PaperSize("Custom", 400, 200);
PrintDocument pd = new PrintDocument();
pd.PrinterSettings.PrinterName = "Microsoft Print to PDF";
pd.PrinterSettings.PrintToFile = true;
pd.PrinterSettings.PrintFileName = PDF_File_name;
pd.DefaultPageSettings = Default_PrintProfile_PDF;
pd.PrinterSettings.DefaultPageSettings.PaperSize = paperSize;
pd.DefaultPageSettings.PaperSize = paperSize;
pd.PrintController = new StandardPrintController();
pd.PrintPage += PrintPage_As_PDF;
pd.Print();
but custom size not set, printable area is eqal to letter paper size.
please help me for this.
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Yousef10 @ stackoverflow (SOS: "Microsoft Print PDF" PaperSize) says "don't worry" ... it's the printer's fault. And your code's the same as his; so first step -> try running your print PDF routine with a different printer?
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Is there a way to set where to drop an event handler? When I double click on a button it drops mine at line 1500 for some reason. Then I have to cut and paste. It's doing it in a region of code and it expands that region, which is a little annoying. I'm hoping to drop at the top somewhere, possible?
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Annoying, isn't it?
I've never found a solution to that either, and I've been using VS for 15 years ...
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
"Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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YES VERY VERY ANNOYING lol!! Kind of glad I'm not alone! Come on MicroSoft. Geez a whiz. It puts it in a random spot in the middle of nowhere. Where's the add event by line number?? That would make so much sense. Why MicroSoft Whyyyyy??? It would also be nice to apply a static do not expand my code unless I absolutely say so clause. And my last rant of the day is the 3 word line of code that can be simplified warning? Ok it's 3 words how much simpler can it be? I have a few more rants, but I'll table them for another day. Other than that it's a great product. And if I knew someone that was professional at this to tell me where and why's of doing things I would probably rant a lot less. But as it is all I have is Youtube and a lot of books. And nice forums like this one. So let's all be friends and give us our event handler by line number  !
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geomeo123 wrote: Where's the add event by line number?
Well ... no. Line number isn't helpful, and it's far too easy to add it in the wrong place and get code that doesn't compile - which might be quite difficult to spot! I'd rather have to move it to the right region of the file manually - which isn't hard to do - than have it appear in the middle of an XML comment, or a switch block for example.
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
"Common sense is so rare these days, it should be classified as a super power" - Random T-shirt
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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Quote: and it's far too easy to add it in the wrong place and get code that doesn't compile
That would be pretty impossible. Since any time you click for the eventHandler MicroSoft prompts you exactly where your event code has landed so that you can start writing what you want to do when the event has occurred. I'm fairly sure choosing the line number rather than have that done for us would work.
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You can manually add the handler name to your button in the properties window, and then add the actual handler code wherever you want.
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Can you explain? You lost me on the word manually? Do you mean manually type it in to the event handler property text box then manually write it to whereever I want? Screenshots would be nice.
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It seems that things have changed since I last did this, and even typing the event name into the event handler, VS automatically adds the handler skeleton at the end of the Form class.
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Find a program with over 1500 lines of code. It doesn't add to the end of the code anymore. (which would be nice too).
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Where would VS know where to definitively add the handler, other than at the end of the class definition in the first file of the class?
The code for a Form class could be spread across several files, so this makes identifying a target location harder. I organize my code in #region elements and have gotten (there - I said it ) used to moving the handler to an appropriate location.
/ravi
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