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My favorite FORTRAN qualifies for a number of these.
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Q1: Languages whose design allow for an improved developer experience. One of my favorite things about C# is editing in Visual Studio. Syntax highlighting, IntelliSense, refactoring, are all fantastic. I find I make better choices for identifier names when it costs so little to use and change them as needed.
Elements that are used most often have the simplest expression. For example, C and its derivatives use { and } to denote the beginning and ending of logical blocks. Languages like BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, and Ada that use if then ... else ... end if and similar keywords take longer to read.
Languages that don't require separate declaration and definition for a body of code. While having the separation is a convenience for library and API designers, that imposes a burden on everyone else. You have to ensure that the declaration and definition are kept synchronized. If they become dissociated, either the compile fails (Ada) or the link fails (C and C++), often with less-than-useful diagnostics.
Languages without restrictions on the naming of identifiers. Go's use of case to indicate visibility is vile, because it forces the language designer's naming convention on the language user.
Free form languages, where white space is not significant.
Q2: Yes, but it's not the primary concern. First concern is tooling for the target environment. We have embedded components where the language is dictated by the target (C or assembly language).
Q3: C#, C++, and C. Like you, for the reasons mentioned in the answer to Q1. My primary product uses a mix of the three languages. C# in the UI, C++ in some Windows services, and C in embedded hardware. The language similarities let us share code for interfaces and such, even when the compilers and target environments aren't all that similar.
Software Zen: delete this;
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I don't do any collaborative or Web projects any more. I mostly do SLJ's. So, libraries are more important to me than aesthetics. Mostly, I do C# and Python now. Some C-like on the Arduino. I agree with most choices I see here... except FORTRAN, used that in the 60's. There were 2 choices: FORTRAN and Assembler. I would retire, but I never commented my code. 
If you can keep your head while those about you are losing theirs, perhaps you don't understand the situation.
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theoldfool wrote: I would retire, but I never commented my code.
 Job security! (Or indentured servitude.)
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Obviousness (is that a word?) is my #1.
So: Javascript is near the bottom of the heap. C# (pre v6 ish) and VBScript (of all things) are near the top.
The recent additions to C# where the language is becoming the proverbial kitchen sink are depressing to me. Some are great. Some seem to be there to solve very edge case issues that I worry will generate more confusion and pain for new developers than they will help those experts who choose to use them.
cheers
Chris Maunder
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Chris Maunder wrote: Some are great. Some seem to be there to solve very edge case issues that I worry will generate more confusion and pain for new developers than they will help those experts who choose to use them.
+1
Late changes in C# reminds me a quote of (I think) Woody Allen:
Two people get married to solve problems that you don't have living alone.
M.D.V. 
If something has a solution... Why do we have to worry about?. If it has no solution... For what reason do we have to worry about?
Help me to understand what I'm saying, and I'll explain it better to you
Rating helpful answers is nice, but saying thanks can be even nicer.
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If you can keep your head while those about you are losing theirs, perhaps you don't understand the situation.
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Marc Clifton wrote: What makes a language aesthetically pleasing?
Features that allow me to express the ideas I have with succinct, clear mechanisms.
Marc Clifton wrote: Is that something that should be considered when choosing a programming language (assuming you have choice)?
Yes, because it's not just aesthetics - it's ergonomics! And an ergonomic language puts less friction in your way.
Marc Clifton wrote: What languages do you find aesthetically pleasing to work in and why?
Rust, Haskell, or F# if you insist on a .NET language - the features that I enjoy are generally enabled by a strong, static (but inferred) type system (algebraic types, pattern matching, partial application in Haskell and F#)
I'm not keen on Go either - but for different reasons than yourself, I suspect. I work in C++ on a daily basis (quite happily), and parts of Go just bug me...
Java, Basic, who cares - it's all a bunch of tree-hugging hippy cr*p
modified 17-Aug-20 4:53am.
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Do you know any French? The adjectives are on the right. It's a matter of getting used to it. But I do prefer types on the left, mainly because it is a standard in a few important languages, and therefore easier to read.
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It could be construed that Q1 and Q2 answers were written to come up with your favorite as the choice. Or not.
How about taking a different tack:
At first glance, the language should be intimidating. Something that will scare off the kode-kitties on the one hand and impress management on the other. Return coding to a priesthood for the elite. Perhaps the best way to choose languages is to cull the heard.
Therefore "C" - especially with inline asm { } blocks - is a thing of beauty - and thus a joy forever.
| Ravings en masse^ |
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| "The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits." - Albert Einstein | | "If you are searching for perfection in others, then you seek disappointment. If you seek perfection in yourself, then you will find failure." - Balboos HaGadol Mar 2010 |
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Yes. Almost anything passes that is not like C (there you go, Python), or the other UNIX-hell-spawn, bash & alike (there you go, NSIS / PowerShell / ...).
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When I read a program, I looking for variable names. It makes a lot easier to find then if they are first and not second. What type a variable is is a secondary concern.
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For sure, for sure, aesthetics is important.
IMO, a language must balance brevity with clarity of understanding.
The simple parameter I use is that I must be able to look at a section of code and "grok" it in a few seconds.
That means I must understand the explicit intent of the author and the methodology used to implement that intent as well as all the implicit mechanisms used. Aesthetics is an essential part of achieving that understanding.
This is why I am against such things as lambdas--it's just to easy to miss what is going on.
The plethora of languages nowadays should tell us something about the state of software development. (I'm still trying to figure out what that "something" is.)
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Good question! Java and, dare I admit it JavaScript (without fancy add-ons), are my favourite programming languages, though I quite like traditional (i.e. non-MS) C++ too. I think the reason why I prefer Java is precisely because I do find it aesthetically pleasing. I used to code in C# but over time it morphed into something I found aesthetically displeasing, so I stopped using it. I think you hit the nail on the head - but aesthetics are of course a personal thing and not everyone will agree on which language is the most aesthetic.
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My wife: "Ella what's the weather?"
My wife: "ELLA what is the temperature?"
My wife: "GODDAMMIT! ELLA, WHY WON'T YOU ANSWER ME!"
me: "Uh honey, her name is Alexa"
Remember, no matter where you go... there you are.
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Running on new SQL Servers
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
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that was faster than i expected
Real programmers use butterflies
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Looks to be as simple as replacing a punctured tire*.
* With all the tools being available on hand.
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v2019 ?
if so... super!
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Yes, finally. With new shiny hardware, SSDs and network improvements. SOOOOO Fast 
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
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Huh? Promoting SO now?
Luc Pattyn [My Articles]
If you can't find it on YouTube try TikTok...
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Thats great! Seems you are doing ![Jig | [Dance]](https://codeproject.global.ssl.fastly.net/script/Forums/Images/jig.gif)
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I noticed the new car smell. Nice!
Software Zen: delete this;
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We will be upgrading our SQL Server this morning. The site will be read only for a few hours.
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
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