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I added a Sonos Port to stream to my older, but fairly nice, stereo. I enjoy the sound, but I’m not an audiophile.
You can stream Idagio through it,plus a lot of other stuff.
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
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Thanks - another option to consider. I presume there is a Sonos device that can interface with the laptop?
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Also can use hard wired network if your wifi is slow.
"Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana."
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Chris C-B wrote: I am not sure of the USB2 capabilities - is it a maximum of 192 kbps as I have heard mentioned? If so, the whole thing is a bust.
I have a feeling that this entire thread is outside my domain, being more "listening to the sound" than "listening to the music". I am not qualified to discuss with Audiophiles.
On the technical level: USB2 has a limit of 480 Megabits per second - fully sufficient for HD video, more than 2000 times the 192 kbps you have been hearing about.
Certainly, noone should pretend that USB is free of protocol overhead, no capacity wasted in waiting and negotiations. An application level connection will never obtain an effective application end-to-end performance close to 480 Mbps. But for plain sound, you are orders of magnitude from the bandwith limits. USB is perfectly fine for your use.
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Chris C-B wrote: What I want is true CD quality - which I am paying for with Idagio+ - but not sure how to get it from the Win7 laptop I am using to the HiFi system without quality loss, which is currently apparent using the DAC built into the laptop.
If the only input to your "HiFi" is RCA, I don't think you should worry too much about any conversion that might take place elsewhere. Or am I misunderstanding what you're trying to do?
The way I read it, it's like someone who wants to put some video on VHS, but is worried about a 4K to 1080p conversion before sending the final thing over as an analog signal...?
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I would highly recommend the FiiO K3 - it is sold as a "headphone amplifier" but also has line and RCA/optical out. It will do your required decoding up to 384kHz/32 bit.
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Chris C-B wrote: What I want is true CD quality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio:
The standard also specifies the form of digital audio encoding (2-channel signed 16-bit Linear PCM sampled at 44,100 Hz)
When you talk about 192kbps, are you *sure* it's 192k*bps*, or a 24bit 192kHz DAC converter?
True, CD quality is 704kbps (16bit*44kHz), and the 192kHz 24bit dacs are actually (suppose) to be doing 4608kbps...
But to be honest: the problem with most USB DACs is the quality and price of the interanls and shielding, not really the kbps, as they start typically at 48kHz 16bit DACs (CD and better "quality") but its the other interference that needs to be "handled" that makes their sound quality poor.
Also, "upsampling" isn't necessarily goining to make it sound better from 44kHz going to 192kHz
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Maybe you can use a TV DAC, if you are planning to upgrade your TV someday and have the TV in the same room as your audio system.
I used to have one of those cheap hdmi splitters and it is resting in a drawer somewhere. It sounded awful.
Please consider that my amplifier is not a high end one, it is an 1983 AKAI, considered a cheap one in its day, but it packs its own punch 
In 2018 I bought a SONY Bravia TV which includes a more than decent audio DAC. Inputs are: network (DLNA/UPNP... wired or wifi), chromecast, hdmi and USB (memory stick or hard disks), probaly also bluetooth. Output is a 3.5 stereo jack in 3 modes (headphone, fixed and variable which is controlled by the volume on remote).
Android TV gives plenty of choice for software, I use the included Chromecast audio receiver controlled by HiFi cast on my phone to play FLACs on my PC, and HDMI for CDs that i put in a blu-ray reader. Streamed FLACs and wired CDs sound so close that I cannot tell the differences.
I compared the Bravia audio out with the one of a Chromecast audio, the Bravia sounds distinctly better.
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> is it a maximum of 192 kbps as I have heard mentioned?
The *signal* rate (bits/second) of USB is far better than what's needed for the *encoding* rate (bits/second) of the audio files/streams, especially USB2 which can do 480 Mbps. The *sample* rate (samples/second) of a DAC is multiplied by the bits/sample and number of channels--usually two--of the inputs to get the number of bits/second needed to feed it at the rate for highest quality. For CD audio, this is 1.411 Mbps, which is even achievable by USB1.
> but has lower sound quality, probably due to being a cheaper bit of hardware
Even a "cheap" DAC can do 192 KHz at 24 bits/sample but needs 9.2 Mbps to do that at highest quality.
Mainly what determines sound quality is the weakest component, of course. The analog stage electrical isolation (especially from the power source) tends to have the biggest impact these days, because fewer discrete components are needed in capable designs. A battery-operated device can achieve that isolation very easily. The digital bus (USB, I2S, SPDIF, etc.) can generally be considered equivalent to an audio noise wall, even with relatively cheap cables connecting the system nodes.
Now, the perceptual encoding of Adagio+ is below even the "encoding" rate of CD audio, but it's unlikely you will be able to hear much of a difference between that and a CD. OTOH, if your system--including your ears--can distinguish between CD and SACD rates, then you may need to invest more in a better DAC.
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USB2 limited to 192kb/s? What gives you that idea?. It will be fine.
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Are you open to buying an audio interface a musician would use, such as a Focusrite Scarlett Solo ? I've not used this particular one, but have been very happy with my Focusrite Clarett 8-mic channel system for recording the California Pops Orchestra. Unfortunately, the rest of the season's concerts have been cancelled.
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Chris C-B wrote: I am not sure of the USB2 capabilities - is it a maximum of 192 kbps as I have heard mentioned?
Try both and go with whichever sounds better to you.
The reality though, is since you're going into the stereo with analog through RCA cables & connectors, it really won't matter which you do.
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The Air Force employs 275,000 civilians and contractors.
Their VPN network can only support 72,000 simultaneous connections.
That explains a lot...
".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
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You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
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When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013
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I would have thought, pfft, 72,000'l be enough. 
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It's not the pipe, it's what they're smoking.
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640K (connections) will be enough for everyone!
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994. So does this signature. me, 2012
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56K connections should be fast enough for everyone!
"I have no idea what I did, but I'm taking full credit for it." - ThisOldTony
AntiTwitter: @DalekDave is now a follower!
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OriginalGriff wrote: 56K connections should be fast enough for everyone!
God, yes!
I was totally blown away, when I upgraded from 28k!
... But then along came javascript...
I wanna be a eunuchs developer! Pass me a bread knife!
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It is remarkable, given how far CPU power, memory size, and bandwidth have come since the days of the Apple ][+, that mindless designs still cause some things to run like pigs in $#!+.
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It is also remarkable how clever we are at abusing resources "just because they are there", our senseless expectations and our demand for resources that we do not need at all.
An example of the latter: I've got 16 GB of RAM my home computer. Occasionally, I have seen 8 GB in use. Yet several of my friends claim that they need 32 GB to get the maximum speed out of the machine. I ask to have a look at the RAM load as we are sitting there - it may be in the 4-6 GB range. Yet they insist: If I simultaneously run video editing and a sound editor and my wife's recepie database and ... How often do you? Well, I am saying if I do! ... It has happened that by starting all the big applications they've got on their PC, that they have managed to cross 16 GB, barely. "There you see! I need 32 GB!".
One of my coworkers, a computer guy, was complaining that his computer was sluggish, lots of paging. When he counted his Chrome tabs, there were 120 of them, some of which he hadn't opened for a month. If he restarted Chrome, it would take him a lot of work to set up all the tabs again! But to plug in more RAM he would have to do that anyway. So he restarted Chrome and haven't complained about the speed of his machine since.
Senseless expectations: I was responsible for a build configuration management system, that would set up the right tool and package versions for a build. You could run it interactively on your desktop PC to verify that it was correctly set up. One of my coworkers rejected it completely, it was unbearingly slow. I timed it, with his tool profile (well above a hundre different components); the check took less than two seconds. "But that means I have to wait for it to complete! It should reply immediately, in order to be usable!"
Along the same line: My internet connection is 100 Mbps; I can download a full 4.7 GByte DVD in less than ten minutes. Yet lots of people think a 1 Gbps connection is worth its money, so they can have the download completed in less than one minute. After spending 20 minutes searching the catalog, and I will spend an hour and a half to watch that movie later, I dont give a dime whether the download takes one or ten minutes! That is a certainly not a time-critical, interactive operation! (Besides, to utilize my 100 Mbps connection at a sustained 100 Mbps, I must start at least two large transfers in parallel; few if any server will deliver that speed alone, and I doubt that any server will deliver 1 Gbps to you across a WAN Internet.) Yet you see lots of people complaining about the authorities considering any optical fiber a "broadband" connection: They insist that 100 Mbps is the very minimum speed qualifying as broadband!
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I was going to make a silly statement: surely not all of those 275,000 need to be on the network. Then I realized how silly it was. Practically all personnel, regardless of the enterprise, need network access these days.
Example: There's a housing development going up on (what was) my usual route to work. I've noticed a lot of the workers carrying around tablets or phones. The temporary utility stand on the corner has some orange cables coming to it I suspect are fiber optic carrying broadband Internet, and there's a box with a couple antennas that's probably WiFi.
We haven't run out of VPN bandwidth yet where I work, but I've copied a crap-ton of stuff to my home laptop this weekend in case it goes belly-up.
Software Zen: delete this;
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We are handling different kinds of resources: The number of simultaneous VPN connections applies even if each connection transfers a hundred bytes a minute or less - it is a function of the table size, or whatever kind of data structure the VPN software uses to manage the connections. A larger table does not in itself imply a higher bandwidth load.
It is not given that every user needs to be connected through a VPN. E.g. my company provides a lot of documentation through ordinary web pages. Lots of workers may have to look up documentation, or possibly make company database lookups for non-sensitive data, where a simple password/TFA protected login provides enough protection.
I do most of my work through a TFA remote login. Our old VPN couldn't support enough connections to send everybody home, but we had a replacement in the trial phase that was planned to last for another few weeks. They decided to accelerate the move into ordinary operation, and it seems to handle it well, and next week I will start using it. But even if it had failed, I still could do a lot of work through non-VPN channels.
For the bandwidth question: I must say that I am quite impressed by how well the backbone networks handle this! Of course response is sluggish in rush hours, but we have had no major breakdowns, and video connections are still not as jerky as in the ADSL days . Most likely, the providers will learn a lot from this, so they can optimize routing strategies and capacities for the next similar crisis. (E.g. if you do a traceroute, you may be suprised how many hundred miles the packet travels to cross the road. A few years ago, here in Norway every packet that did not have origin and destination with the same ISP went via an Internet Exchange in Oslo, which might be a 3000 km round trip. Today, there are exchanges in a handful towns, but I guess the current experience will give valuable input to new locations where such exchanges can reduce backbone load.)
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In order to telework, they all have to be able to connect, and as far as I know, it has to be over VPN. However, a certain number of people are still going in to work (essential personnel). However, that probably leaves at least half of the workforce trying to use VPN, AND THIS DOESN’t even consider the military personnel that need to use VPN.
It’s a mess...
".45 ACP - because shooting twice is just silly" - JSOP, 2010
-----
You can never have too much ammo - unless you're swimming, or on fire. - JSOP, 2010
-----
When you pry the gun from my cold dead hands, be careful - the barrel will be very hot. - JSOP, 2013
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Every now and then I get the urge to publish a book on the pearls we left behind.
Solutions to problems that we are fighting with today - but ten, twenty or fifty years ago, we did have solutions.
At the time, they may have been rejected because computing resources where not available. Today, they are, yet we haven't picked up the old solutions.
We may have settled on architectures where the old solutions do not fit in. So we can see what would be the solution, but we cannot make use of it.
Some solutions may not have been viable in its day - that's why it was left behind - and maybe not even today. Yet it might represent interesting concepts or approaches, that could be mind stimulating today, even though not necessarily realizable as code.
Often, I see that my own thoughts have spun further: This is a great basic concept, but it could have been expanded so-and-so. That certainly is no discredit to the concept - quite to the contrary, if your ideas to extend it could have made it even stronger.
Some concepts "sort of" exist, mostly in papers and articles, but are not commonly practiced in coding.
I've got a fair number of candidates of my own, but I'd like to hear which other concepts, techniques and models you think that today does not receives the merit that it deserves. What is your favorite forgotten concept, that we really should be aware of today?
If I really sit down to write this book, I probably will not see offhand what makes it valuable anno 2020, so I might need your explanations and references. We could start it here, and move it elsewhere if it grows too large.
Would you think it interesting to start this a "book" as a CP article, that we could develop stepwise together?
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