C / C++ / MFC

Quote:

#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(){

int num[50], i=0, j;
int count = 0;

printf("Enter your integer: \n");

do{
scanf(" %d", &num[i]);
i++;
count++;

}while(num[i-1]!=0);

for(j=1; j<= count-1; j++){

if(num[0] < num[j]){
num[0] = num[j];
}
}

printf("%d is the greatest of them all !", num[0]);

return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 15
int main()
{
    int num[SIZE], i=0 , max;
    int count = 0;  // be sure that we do not read more than 15 elements
    printf("Enter your integers seperated by Enter (give 0 to finish input): \n");
    /*
    scanf(" %d", &num[i]);
    while (num[i]!=0 && count < SIZE )
    {
        ++count;
        scanf(" %d", &num[++i]);
    }
    */  
    /* Either the above while loop */
    do{
        scanf(" %d", &num[i]);
        count++;
      } while(num[i++]!=0 && count < SIZE);
    /* Or the above do { } while loop */
    max = num[0];   /* Avoid to altert any of your array elements */
    for(i=1; i< count; i++)
        if(max < num[i]) max = num[i];  /* each time we find a better max, update our max value */
    printf("%d is the greatest of them all !\n", max);
    return 0;
}

#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(){
	
	int num[50], i = -1, j;
	int count = 0;
	
	printf("Enter your integer: \n");
	
	do{
		scanf(" %d", &num[i+1]);
		i++;
		count++;
		
	}while(num[i]!=0);
	
	for(j=1; j<= count; j++){
		
		if(num[1] > num[j]){
			num[1] = num[j];
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d is the greatest of them all !", num[0]);
	
	return 0;
}

#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(){
	
	int num[50], i, j;
	int count = 0;

	i = 0;  // Added this
	printf("Enter your integer: \n");
	
	do{
		scanf(" %d", &num[i]);
		count++;
		
	}while(num[i++]!=0);  // Changed this
	
	for(j=1; j<= count; j++){
		
		if(num[1] > num[j]){
			num[1] = num[j];
		}
	}
	
	printf("%d is the greatest of them all !", num[0]);
	
	return 0;
}

asa76 wrote:

for(j=1; j<= count; j++)
{
    if (num[1] > num[j])
    {
        num[1] = num[j];
    }
}

printf("%d is the greatest of them all !", num[0]);

struct TreeNode
{
	int i;
	CString str;
	std::vector<TreeNode> children;
};

unsigned nWidthBytes = ((screenx * 24 + 31) & ~31) / 8;
// EDIT: Corrected
//unsigned nExtra = 8 * ((screenx * 24) % 32);
unsigned nExtra = nWidthBytes - 3 * screenx;

unsigned nPixelSize = nWidthBytes * screeny;

PIXEL pixel[ screeny ][ screenx ] ;

// File header
FileHdr.bfType = 0x4D42; // "BM"
FileHdr.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD) + nPixelSize;
FileHdr.bfReserved1 = pBmHdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
// EDIT: Corrected
//FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);
FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD);

// Info header for 24-bit RGB
InfoHdr.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
InfoHdr.biWidth = screenx;
InfoHdr.biHeight = screeny;
InfoHdr.biPlanes = 1;
InfoHdr.biBitCount = 24;
InfoHdr.biCompression = BI_BITFIELDS;
InfoHdr.biSizeImage = nPixelSize;
InfoHdr.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrUsed = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrImportant = 0;

// Color table (bit masks for the three colours) with BI_BITFIELDS
// NOTE: I'm actually not sure if these must be reversed!
DWORD clrTable[3] = { 0xff, 0xff00, 0xff0000 };

fwrite(&FileHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATFILEHEADER), file);
fwrite(&InfoHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATINFOHEADER), file);
fwrite(clrTable, 1, sizeof(clrTable), file);
for (int y = 0; y < screeny; y++)
{
    // EDIT: Corrected
    //fwrite(pixel[y], 3, nWidthBytes, file);
    fwrite(pixel[y], 3, screenx, file);
    if (nExtra)
    {
        DWORD dummy = 0;
        fwrite(&dummy, 1, nExtra, file);
    }
}

Quote:

you told it there are no clear entries

Quote:

FileHdr.bfOffBits must point to the offset of the image data

Quote:

needs to be pack 1

// bluatigro 1 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.1

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>

const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

typedef struct PIXEL {
	char r , g , b , a ;
} ;

void saveBMP( string filename , PIXEL[][] pixel
, int w , int h )
{
unsigned nWidthBytes = ((w * 24 + 31) & ~31) / 8;
// EDIT: Corrected
//unsigned nExtra = 8 * ((screenx * 24) % 32);
unsigned nExtra = nWidthBytes - 3 * w ;
unsigned nPixelSize = nWidthBytes * h ;
BITMAPFILEHEADER FileHdr ;
// File header
FileHdr.bfType = 0x4D42; // "BM"
FileHdr.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD) + nPixelSize;
FileHdr.bfReserved1 = pBmHdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
// EDIT: Corrected
//FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);
FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD);
BITMAPINFOHEADER InfoHdr ;
// Info header for 24-bit RGB
InfoHdr.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
InfoHdr.biWidth = screenx;
InfoHdr.biHeight = screeny;
InfoHdr.biPlanes = 1;
InfoHdr.biBitCount = 24;
InfoHdr.biCompression = BI_BITFIELDS;
InfoHdr.biSizeImage = nPixelSize;
InfoHdr.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrUsed = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrImportant = 0;
 
// Color table (bit masks for the three colours) with BI_BITFIELDS
// NOTE: I'm actually not sure if these must be reversed!
DWORD clrTable[3] = { 0xff, 0xff00, 0xff0000 };
 
fwrite(&FileHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATFILEHEADER), file);
fwrite(&InfoHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATINFOHEADER), file);
fwrite(clrTable, 1, sizeof(clrTable), file);
for (int y = 0 ; y < ; h ; y++ )
{
    // EDIT: Corrected
    //fwrite(pixel[y], 3, nWidthBytes, file);
    fwrite( pixel[y] , 3 , w , file ) ;
    if ( nExtra )
    {
        DWORD dummy = 0;
        fwrite( &dummy , 1 , nExtra , file ) ;
    }
}  
}

/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT Message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

  HDC hdc ;
	PAINTSTRUCKT ps ;
	
	switch( Message ) 
	{
		
		case WM_PAINT :
			int x , y ;
			PIXEL pixel[ winx ][ winy ] ;
			unsigned long color ; 
			hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
      	if ( x > 100 && x < winx - 100
				&& y > 100 && y < winy - 100 )
      	  color = 0xff007fff ; //orange
      	else
      	  color = 0xff000000 ; //black
      	pixel[x][y].r = color & 255 ;
      	pixel[x][y].g = ( color >> 8 ) & 255 ;
      	pixel[x][y].b = ( color >> 16 ) & 255 ;
      	pixel[x][y].a = 255 ;
      	SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
			}
			saveBMP( "orange-rect.bmp" 
			, pixel , winx , winy ) ;
			
			EndPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;			
		break ;

		/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
		case WM_DESTROY: {
			PostQuitMessage(0);
			break;
		}
		
		/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
		default:
			return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */

	/* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc,0,sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize		 = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc	 = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance	 = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor		 = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	
	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */

	if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,"WindowClass","Caption",WS_VISIBLE|WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);

	if(hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
		This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and 
		sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
		this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

// bluatigro 1 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.1

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>

const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

typedef struct PIXEL {
	char r , g , b , a ;
} ;

void saveBMP( string filename , PIXEL[][] pixel
, int w , int h )
{
unsigned nWidthBytes = ((w * 24 + 31) & ~31) / 8;
// EDIT: Corrected
//unsigned nExtra = 8 * ((screenx * 24) % 32);
unsigned nExtra = nWidthBytes - 3 * w ;
unsigned nPixelSize = nWidthBytes * h ;
BITMAPFILEHEADER FileHdr ;
// File header
FileHdr.bfType = 0x4D42; // "BM"
FileHdr.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD) + nPixelSize;
FileHdr.bfReserved1 = pBmHdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
// EDIT: Corrected
//FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);
FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD);
BITMAPINFOHEADER InfoHdr ;
// Info header for 24-bit RGB
InfoHdr.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
InfoHdr.biWidth = screenx;
InfoHdr.biHeight = screeny;
InfoHdr.biPlanes = 1;
InfoHdr.biBitCount = 24;
InfoHdr.biCompression = BI_BITFIELDS;
InfoHdr.biSizeImage = nPixelSize;
InfoHdr.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrUsed = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrImportant = 0;
 
// Color table (bit masks for the three colours) with BI_BITFIELDS
// NOTE: I'm actually not sure if these must be reversed!
DWORD clrTable[3] = { 0xff, 0xff00, 0xff0000 };
 
fwrite(&FileHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATFILEHEADER), file);
fwrite(&InfoHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATINFOHEADER), file);
fwrite(clrTable, 1, sizeof(clrTable), file);
for (int y = 0 ; y < ; h ; y++ )
{
    // EDIT: Corrected
    //fwrite(pixel[y], 3, nWidthBytes, file);
    fwrite( pixel[y] , 3 , w , file ) ;
    if ( nExtra )
    {
        DWORD dummy = 0;
        fwrite( &dummy , 1 , nExtra , file ) ;
    }
}  
}

/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT Message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

  HDC hdc ;
	PAINTSTRUCKT ps ;
	
	switch( Message ) 
	{
		
		case WM_PAINT :
			int x , y ;
			PIXEL pixel[ winx ][ winy ] ;
			unsigned long color ; 
			hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
      	for ( y = 0 ; y < winy ; y++ )
      	{
				  if ( x > 100 && x < winx - 100
				  && y > 100 && y < winy - 100 )
      	    color = 0xff007fff ; //orange
      	  else
      	    color = 0xff000000 ; //black
      	  pixel[y][x].r = color & 255 ;
      	  pixel[y][x].g = ( color >> 8 ) & 255 ;
      	  pixel[y][x].b = ( color >> 16 ) & 255 ;
      	  pixel[y][x].a = 255 ;
      	  SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
			  }
			}
			
			saveBMP( "orange-rect.bmp" 
			, pixel , winx , winy ) ;
			
			EndPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;			
		break ;

		/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
		case WM_DESTROY: {
			PostQuitMessage(0);
			break;
		}
		
		/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
		default:
			return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */

	/* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc,0,sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize		 = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc	 = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance	 = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor		 = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	
	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */

	if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,"WindowClass","Caption",WS_VISIBLE|WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);

	if(hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
		This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and 
		sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
		this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}

// bluatigro 1 okt 2017
// windows raytracer 0.2

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <math.h>

const int winx = 800 ;
const int winy = 600 ;

typedef struct PIXEL {
	char r , g , b , a ;
} ;

class d3d
{
public :
	double x , y , z ;
	d3d()
	{
		x = 0.0 ;
		y = 0.0 ;
		z = 0.0 ;
	}
	d3d( double X , double Y , double Z )
	{
		x = X ;
		y = Y ;
		z = Z ;
	}
	void fill( double X , double Y , double Z )
	{
		x = X ;
		y = Y ;
		z = Z ;
	}
	unsigned long toColor()
  {
  	return (unsigned long)
		( floor( x * 255 ) + 
		  floor( y * 255 ) * 256 +
			floor( z * 255 ) * 256 * 256 ) ;
	}
} ;
d3d operator + ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	return d3d( a.x + b.x ,
	            a.y + b.y , 
							a.z + b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator - ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	return d3d( a.x - b.x ,
	            a.y - b.y , 
							a.z - b.z ) ;
}
d3d operator / ( d3d a , double b )
{
	return d3d( a.x / b ,
	            a.y / b , 
							a.z / b ) ;
}
d3d operator * ( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	return d3d( a.x * b ,
	            a.y * b , 
							a.z * b ) ;
}
double dot( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	return a.x * b.x
	     + a.y * b.y 
	     + a.z * b.z ;
}
double length( d3d a )
{
	return sqrt( dot( a , a ) ) ;
}
d3d normalize( d3d a )
{
	return a / length( a ) ;
}
double getAngle( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	double d , la , lb ;
	d = dot( a , b ) ;
	la = length( a ) ;
	lb = length( b ) ;
	return acos( d / ( la * lb ) ) ;
}
d3d cross( d3d a , d3d b )
{
	return d3d( a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y ,
	            a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z ,
							a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x ) ;
}

struct Matrial
{
	d3d diffuse ;
	double reflection ;
} ;
Matrial matrial ;

const double INFINITY = 1e300 ;
const double SMALL = 1e-300 ;

class Sphere
{
public :
  d3d center ;
	double radius , radius2 ;	
  Matrial mat ;
  void fill( d3d c , double r )
  {
  	center = c ;
  	radius = r ;
  	radius2 = r * r ;
  	mat = material ;
	}
  double hit( d3d o , d3d d )
  {
    double t , a , b , c , disc ;
    d3d temp = o - center ;
    a = dot( d , d ) ;
    b = 2 * dot( temp , d ) ;
    c = dot( temp , temp ) - radius2 ;
    disc = b * b - 4 * a * c ;
    if ( disc < 0 ) 
      return INFINITY ;
    else
    {
      double e = sqrt( disc ) ;
      double demon = 2 * a ;
      t = ( -b - e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
      t = ( -b + e ) / demon ;
      if ( t > SMALL ) return t ;
    }
    return INFINITY ;
	}
} ;

Sphere spheres( 100 ) ;
int spheretel ;
void sphere( double x , double y , double z
, double r , d3d color )
{
  matrial.diffuse = color ;
	spheres( spheretel ).fill( x , y , z , r ) ;
  spheretel++ ;
}

d3d light ;

d3d render( d3d o , d3d d , int depth )
{
	double dist , sphdist = INFINITY ;
	int i , isph = -1 ;
	for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i++ )
	{ 
	  dist = spheres( i ).hit( o , d ) ;
		if ( dist < sphdist )
		{
			sphdist = dist ;
			isph = i ;
		}
	}
	if ( isph == -1 )
	  return d3d()
	d3d p , n ;
	p = o + d * sphdist ;
	n = p - spheres( isph ).center ;
	double a = getAngle( n , light ) ;
	d3d color = spheres( isph ).mat.diffuse ; 
	color = color * ( 0.5 + cos( a * 2 ) / 2 ) ;
	if ( a > PI / 2 )
	  color = d3d() ; 
	for ( i = 0 ; i < spheretel ; i ++ )
	{
		if ( i != isph ) 
		{
			a = spheres( i ).hit( p , light ) ;
			if ( a == INFINITY )
			  color = d3d() ;
		}
	}
	return color ;
}

int CaptureAnImage( HWND hWnd ,
  string filename )
{
    HDC hdcScreen;
    HDC hdcWindow;
    HDC hdcMemDC = NULL;
    HBITMAP hbmScreen = NULL;
    BITMAP bmpScreen;

    // Retrieve the handle to a display device context for the client 
    // area of the window. 
    hdcScreen = GetDC(NULL);
    hdcWindow = GetDC(hWnd);

    // Create a compatible DC which is used in a BitBlt from the window DC
    hdcMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow); 

    if(!hdcMemDC)
    {
        MessageBox(hWnd, L"CreateCompatibleDC has failed",L"Failed", MB_OK);
        goto done;
    }

    // Get the client area for size calculation
    RECT rcClient;
    GetClientRect(hWnd, &rcClient);

    //This is the best stretch mode
    SetStretchBltMode(hdcWindow,HALFTONE);

    //The source DC is the entire screen and the destination DC is the current window (HWND)
    if(!StretchBlt(hdcWindow, 
               0,0, 
               rcClient.right, rcClient.bottom, 
               hdcScreen, 
               0,0,
               GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXSCREEN),
               GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYSCREEN),
               SRCCOPY))
    {
        MessageBox(hWnd, L"StretchBlt has failed",L"Failed", MB_OK);
        goto done;
    }
    
    // Create a compatible bitmap from the Window DC
    hbmScreen = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcWindow, rcClient.right-rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom-rcClient.top);
    
    if(!hbmScreen)
    {
        MessageBox(hWnd, L"CreateCompatibleBitmap Failed",L"Failed", MB_OK);
        goto done;
    }

    // Select the compatible bitmap into the compatible memory DC.
    SelectObject(hdcMemDC,hbmScreen);
    
    // Bit block transfer into our compatible memory DC.
    if(!BitBlt(hdcMemDC, 
               0,0, 
               rcClient.right-rcClient.left, rcClient.bottom-rcClient.top, 
               hdcWindow, 
               0,0,
               SRCCOPY))
    {
        MessageBox(hWnd, L"BitBlt has failed", L"Failed", MB_OK);
        goto done;
    }

    // Get the BITMAP from the HBITMAP
    GetObject(hbmScreen,sizeof(BITMAP),&bmpScreen);
     
    BITMAPFILEHEADER   bmfHeader;    
    BITMAPINFOHEADER   bi;
     
    bi.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);    
    bi.biWidth = bmpScreen.bmWidth;    
    bi.biHeight = bmpScreen.bmHeight;  
    bi.biPlanes = 1;    
    bi.biBitCount = 32;    
    bi.biCompression = BI_RGB;    
    bi.biSizeImage = 0;  
    bi.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;    
    bi.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;    
    bi.biClrUsed = 0;    
    bi.biClrImportant = 0;

    DWORD dwBmpSize = ((bmpScreen.bmWidth * bi.biBitCount + 31) / 32) * 4 * bmpScreen.bmHeight;

    // Starting with 32-bit Windows, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc are implemented as wrapper functions that 
    // call HeapAlloc using a handle to the process's default heap. Therefore, GlobalAlloc and LocalAlloc 
    // have greater overhead than HeapAlloc.
    HANDLE hDIB = GlobalAlloc(GHND,dwBmpSize); 
    char *lpbitmap = (char *)GlobalLock(hDIB);    

    // Gets the "bits" from the bitmap and copies them into a buffer 
    // which is pointed to by lpbitmap.
    GetDIBits(hdcWindow, hbmScreen, 0,
        (UINT)bmpScreen.bmHeight,
        lpbitmap,
        (BITMAPINFO *)&bi, DIB_RGB_COLORS);

    // A file is created, this is where we will save the screen capture.
    HANDLE hFile = CreateFile( filename ,
        GENERIC_WRITE,
        0,
        NULL,
        CREATE_ALWAYS,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);   
    
    // Add the size of the headers to the size of the bitmap to get the total file size
    DWORD dwSizeofDIB = dwBmpSize + sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
 
    //Offset to where the actual bitmap bits start.
    bmfHeader.bfOffBits = (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + (DWORD)sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER); 
    
    //Size of the file
    bmfHeader.bfSize = dwSizeofDIB; 
    
    //bfType must always be BM for Bitmaps
    bmfHeader.bfType = 0x4D42; //BM   
 
    DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0;
    WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bmfHeader, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
    WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)&bi, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
    WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)lpbitmap, dwBmpSize, &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
    
    //Unlock and Free the DIB from the heap
    GlobalUnlock(hDIB);    
    GlobalFree(hDIB);

    //Close the handle for the file that was created
    CloseHandle(hFile);
       
    //Clean up
done:
    DeleteObject(hbmScreen);
    DeleteObject(hdcMemDC);
    ReleaseDC(NULL,hdcScreen);
    ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdcWindow);

    return 0;
}

/*
void saveBMP( string filename , PIXEL[][] pixel
, int w , int h )
{
unsigned nWidthBytes = ((w * 24 + 31) & ~31) / 8;
// EDIT: Corrected
//unsigned nExtra = 8 * ((screenx * 24) % 32);
unsigned nExtra = nWidthBytes - 3 * w ;
unsigned nPixelSize = nWidthBytes * h ;
BITMAPFILEHEADER FileHdr ;
// File header
FileHdr.bfType = 0x4D42; // "BM"
FileHdr.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD) + nPixelSize;
FileHdr.bfReserved1 = pBmHdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
// EDIT: Corrected
//FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);
FileHdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + 3 * sizeof(DWORD);
BITMAPINFOHEADER InfoHdr ;
// Info header for 24-bit RGB
InfoHdr.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
InfoHdr.biWidth = screenx;
InfoHdr.biHeight = screeny;
InfoHdr.biPlanes = 1;
InfoHdr.biBitCount = 24;
InfoHdr.biCompression = BI_BITFIELDS;
InfoHdr.biSizeImage = nPixelSize;
InfoHdr.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrUsed = 0;
InfoHdr.biClrImportant = 0;
 
// Color table (bit masks for the three colours) with BI_BITFIELDS
// NOTE: I'm actually not sure if these must be reversed!
DWORD clrTable[3] = { 0xff, 0xff00, 0xff0000 };
 
fwrite(&FileHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATFILEHEADER), file);
fwrite(&InfoHdr, 1, sizeof(BITMATINFOHEADER), file);
fwrite(clrTable, 1, sizeof(clrTable), file);
for (int y = 0 ; y < ; h ; y++ )
{
    // EDIT: Corrected
    //fwrite(pixel[y], 3, nWidthBytes, file);
    fwrite( pixel[y] , 3 , w , file ) ;
    if ( nExtra )
    {
        DWORD dummy = 0;
        fwrite( &dummy , 1 , nExtra , file ) ;
    }
}  
}*/

/* This is where all the input to the window goes to */
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT Message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {

  HDC hdc ;
	PAINTSTRUCKT ps ;
	
	switch( Message ) 
	{
		
		case WM_PAINT :
			int x , y ;
			d3d o , d , WHITE ;
			WHITE.fill( 1.0 , 1.0 , 1.0 ) ;
			unsigned long color ; 
			hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;

      //scene
			spheretel = 0 ;
			light.fill( -1.0 , 1.0 , -1.0 ) ;
			sphere( 0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0 , 100.0 , WHITE ) ;
			sphere( 0.0 , -INIFINITY - winy / 2 , 0.0
			      , INFINITY , WHITE ) ;
			//create scene on window
      for ( x = 0 ; x < winx ; x++ )
      {
      	for ( y = 0 ; y < winy ; y++ )
      	{
      		o.fill( 0.0 , 0.0 , -1000 ) ;
      		d.fill( (double)x ,
					 (double)y , 1000 ) ;
				  color = render( o , d , 7 ).toColor() ;
      	  SetPixel( hdc , x , y , color ) ;
			  }
			}
			
			int dummy = CaptureAnImage( hwnd , 
			  "white-sphere.bmp" ) ;
//			saveBMP( "WHITE-sphere.bmp" 
//			, pixel , winx , winy ) ;
			
			EndPaint( hwnd , & ps ) ;			
		  break ;

		/* Upon destruction, tell the main thread to stop */
		case WM_DESTROY : {
			PostQuitMessage( 0 ) ;
			break ;
		}
		
		/* All other messages (a lot of them) are processed using default procedures */
		default:
			return DefWindowProc(hwnd, Message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* The 'main' function of Win32 GUI programs: this is where execution starts */
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASSEX wc; /* A properties struct of our window */
	HWND hwnd; /* A 'HANDLE', hence the H, or a pointer to our window */
	MSG msg; /* A temporary location for all messages */

	/* zero out the struct and set the stuff we want to modify */
	memset(&wc,0,sizeof(wc));
	wc.cbSize		 = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
	wc.lpfnWndProc	 = WndProc; /* This is where we will send messages to */
	wc.hInstance	 = hInstance;
	wc.hCursor		 = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	
	/* White, COLOR_WINDOW is just a #define for a system color, try Ctrl+Clicking it */
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";
	wc.hIcon		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* Load a standard icon */
	wc.hIconSm		 = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); /* use the name "A" to use the project icon */

	if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	hwnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE,"WindowClass","Caption",WS_VISIBLE|WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* x */
		CW_USEDEFAULT, /* y */
		winx, /* width */
		winy, /* height */
		NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);

	if(hwnd == NULL) {
		MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!","Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION|MB_OK);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
		This is the heart of our program where all input is processed and 
		sent to WndProc. Note that GetMessage blocks code flow until it receives something, so
		this loop will not produce unreasonably high CPU usage
	*/
	while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { /* If no error is received... */
		TranslateMessage(&msg); /* Translate key codes to chars if present */
		DispatchMessage(&msg); /* Send it to WndProc */
	}
	return msg.wParam;
}