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Just to add, the second example there is rather ambiguous.
Rather than having object, if you modify the code slightly to use string (string is still a reference type) as:
string name = "sandeep";
char[] values = {'s','a','n','d','e','e','p'};
string myName = new string(values);
Console.WriteLine("== operator result is {0}", name == myName);
Console.WriteLine("Equals method result is {0}", myName.Equals(name));
Console.ReadLine();
This is due to the CLR String pool -> the strings with same content reference to the same memory.
Just saying, if that interests the OP. 
You have just been Sharapova'd.
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It might be wise to call ReferenceEquals on your two strings to prove the point, or not, as the case may be.
Alan.
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Yeah, sorry. I really should have mentioned about interned strings. 
You have just been Sharapova'd.
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Always(== and .equals) do value comparison in case of String datatype.
in case of other reference type == produce reference comparison and .Equals compares value or content.
In value types data both act same and compares value only
After Some RND I found this.
If its not 100% right please explain why
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“==” compares if the object references are same while “.Equals()” compares if the contents are same.
So if you run the below code both “==” and “.Equals()” returns true because content as well as references are same.
Take 2 variables & test it ,you came to clear conclusion....
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There are many differences, I'll list only some of them..
Equals is a virtual function that is present in Object, whereas operator== is a static function. Many of the differences arise from this. For example (not an exhaustive list),
- there is by default no operator== for a value type, where there is an Equals inherited from Object.
- you can use Equals on a value that has any generic type, you can use operator== only if the generic type is constrained to be a reference type (and then it will mean reference equality, not any operator== defined by whatever the concrete type was).
- an overridden Equals must deal with a parameter of type Object, an implemented operator== can decide for itself what types its parameters must have (at least one of them must be the same as the declaring type though).
Together this usually (but not always) means that implementing operator== is confusing for a reference type, but expected and wanted for a value type.
They also have slightly difference meanings in general, operator== can be "whatever makes sense", but Equals should be an equivalence relation, because it (or its cousin, IEquatable<sometype>.Equals) is used all over the place in the standard library and third party libraries with the assumption that it is an equivalence relation. Violating that will cause trouble if, for example, you use it as a key in a Dictionary<Tkey, Tvalue>, or if you try to put it in as HashSet<T> (which various parts LINQ like to do behind the scenes, breaking unexpectedly and invisibly if Equals is not an equivalence relation).
Usually operator== should (for sanity) also be an equivalence relation, but it isn't always, for example take double.NaN, which must be equal to itself according to Equals (equivalence relations must be reflexive), but compares unequal to everything (including itself) according to operator==. If it didn't compare equal to itself according to Equals, putting it in a HashSet<double> would result in it "never really being present" (it would be added, but testing whether it is in there would return false), so thankfully that is not how it works. Meanwhile it should also compare unequal to itself, otherwise it would be in blatant violation of the IEEE 754 standard for floating point arithmetic.
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Hi,
I have to built one console application in C# and the problem is --
Sample Dataset:
CategoryId ParentCategoryId Name Keywords
100 -1 Business Money
200 -1 Tutoring Teaching
101 100 Accounting Taxes
102 100 Taxation
201 200 Computer
103 101 Corporate Tax
202 201 Operating
109 101 Small business
System
Tax
Write a working program which should do the following:
a. Given a category id return category name, parentCategoryId and key-word. Ensure that if
key-word is not present for the category, then the data from its parent should be
returned.
i. Input: 201; Output: ParentCategoryID=200, Name=Computer,
ii. Input: 202; Output: ParentCategoryID=201, Name=Operating System,
Sample Input/Output:
Keywords=Teaching
Keywords=Teaching
b. Given category level as parameter (say N) return the names of the categories which are
of N’th level in the hierarchy (categories with parentId -1 are at 1st level).
Sample Input/Output:
i. Input: 2; Output: 101, 102, 201
ii. Input: 3; Output: 103, 109, 202
.........................................................
Now my piece of code is ----
static void Main(string[] args)
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet("Category");
// Table for parents
DataTable parentTable = new DataTable("Parents");
//parentTable.Columns.Add("CategoryId", typeof(int));
parentTable.Columns.Add("ParentCategoryId", typeof(int));
parentTable.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
parentTable.Columns.Add("Keywords", typeof(string));
//Create some childs.
parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 100, "Business", "Money" });
parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 200, "Tutoring", "Teaching" });
parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 101,"Accounting", "Taxes" });
//parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 102, 100, "Taxation", "" });
parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 201, "Computer", "" });
//parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 103, 101, "Corporate Tax", "" });
//parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 202, 201, "Operating System", "" });
//parentTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 109, 101, "Small Business Tax", "" });
ds.Tables.Add(parentTable);
// Table for childrend
DataTable childTable = new DataTable("Child");
childTable.Columns.Add("CategoryId", typeof(int));
childTable.Columns.Add("ParentCategoryId", typeof(int));
childTable.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
childTable.Columns.Add("Keywords", typeof(string));
//Create some childs.
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 100,-1, "Business", "Money" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 200,-1, "Tutoring", "Teaching" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 101,100, "Accounting", "Taxes" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 102,100, "Taxation", "" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 201,200, "Computer", "" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 103,101, "Corporate Tax","" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 202,201, "Operating System", "" });
childTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 109,101, "Small Business Tax", "" });
ds.Tables.Add(childTable);
// Create their relation.
DataRelation parentChildRelation = new DataRelation("ParentChild",parentTable.Columns["CategoryId"], childTable.Columns["ParentCategoryId"]);
ds.Relations.Add(parentChildRelation);
// Display each parent and their children based on the relation.
string category = null;
category = Console.ReadLine();
for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables["Child"].Rows.Count; i++)
{
if (category == ds.Tables["Child"].Columns["CategoryId"].ToString())
{
foreach (DataRow parent in parentTable.Rows)
{
DataRow[] children = parent.GetChildRows(parentChildRelation);
Console.WriteLine("\n{0}, has {1} children", parent["ParentName"].ToString(), children.Count<datarow>());
foreach (DataRow child in children)
{
Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", child["ChildName"].ToString());
}
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("\n Enter a valid Category ID :\n");
}
}
}
.............................................................
Questions -
1. I am getting a ArgumentNullException on DataRelation line. The error is "'column' argument cannot be null.
Parameter name: column" - How to solve this.
2. Where I can make a check that Keywords are null.
3. Should I define another DataTable for Level?
Thanks & Regards
Supratik De
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Supratik De wrote:
DataTable parentTable = new DataTable("Parents");
parentTable.Columns.Add("ParentCategoryId", typeof(int));
...
DataRelation parentChildRelation = new DataRelation("ParentChild", parentTable.Columns["CategoryId"], childTable.Columns["ParentCategoryId"]);
...
I am getting a ArgumentNullException on DataRelation line. The error is "'column' argument cannot be null.
parentTable doesn't contain a column called CategoryId, because the line which adds that column has been commented out.
From the description, it sounds like you only want a sinlge DataTable, with a self-referencing relationship.
You'll need to tell the DataRelation not to try to create constraints, since there is no row with a CategoryId of "-1". Alternatively, replace the "-1" in the ParentCategoryId column with null.
You can use the GetParentRow method[^] to get the parent row, and the GetChildRows method[^] to get the child rows.
If you set the table's PrimaryKey, you can use the Rows.Find method[^] to quickly find a row by its CategoryId.
This should get you started:
DataTable theTable = new DataTable("Data");
theTable.Columns.Add("CategoryId", typeof(int));
theTable.Columns.Add("ParentCategoryId", typeof(int));
theTable.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
theTable.Columns.Add("Keywords", typeof(string));
theTable.PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[] { theTable.Columns[0] };
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 100, -1, "Business", "Money" });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 200, -1, "Tutoring", "Teaching" });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 101, 100, "Accounting", "Taxes" });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 102, 100, "Taxation", null });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 201, 200, "Computer", null });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 103, 101, "Corporate Tax", null });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 202, 201, "Operating System", null });
theTable.Rows.Add(new object[] { 109, 101, "Small Business Tax", null });
ds.Tables.Add(theTable);
DataRelation parentCategoryRelation = new DataRelation("ParentCategory",
theTable.Columns["CategoryId"],
theTable.Columns["ParentCategoryId"],
false);
ds.Relations.Add(parentCategoryRelation);
DataRow theRow = theTable.Rows.Find(201);
DataRow parentRow = theRow.GetParentRow(parentCategoryRelation);
DataRow[] childRows = theRow.GetChildRows(parentCategoryRelation);
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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This is a continuation, in a way, of a recent thread I started here, and I would like to remind you, gentle reader, that this forum was (once) the C# language discussion forum.
If this (and the code) provoke any interesting discussion of how you choose to implement Interfaces ... keeping in mind the several roles Interfaces can play (contract, interchange-object with restricted scope, etc.), I'll be ... all ears 
The code shown here demonstrates four "styles" of interface implementation: in each case a Class with a Dictionary is being created, and the access to that Dictionary is restricted; the only thing "exposed" of the Dictionary are methods to add, and remove, key/value pairs.
1. focus on "object:" explicit implementation of Dictionary (thanks to Richard Deeming for reminding me to consider explicit implementation).
2. focus on "behavior:" implicit implementation of methods (as suggested by Sascha LeFavre and Pete O'Hanlon).
3. using separate interfaces to "separate" exposed object(s) from exposed method(s): probably not a good example, what interests me is the issue of when one might "break-out" Interfaces.
4. using a Custom Generic Class that inherits from Dictionary in an Interface. Meant to be an "extreme" example.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace InterfaceImplementations
{
public interface IRequire1
{
Dictionary<string, int> RequiredDictionary { get; }
}
public class Example1 : IRequire1
{
private Dictionary<string, int> internalDictionary { set; get; }
Dictionary<string, int> IRequire1.RequiredDictionary
{
get { return this.internalDictionary; }
}
public Example1()
{
internalDictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>();
}
public void AddEntry(string str, int i)
{
internalDictionary.Add(str, i);
}
public void RemoveEntry(string key)
{
internalDictionary.Remove(key);
}
}
public interface IRequire2
{
void AddEntry(string key, int value );
void RemoveEntry(string key);
}
public class Example2 : IRequire2
{
private Dictionary<string, int> internalDictionary { set; get; }
public Example2()
{
internalDictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>();
}
public void AddEntry(string key, int value)
{
internalDictionary.Add(key, value);
}
public void RemoveEntry(string key)
{
internalDictionary.Remove(key);
}
}
public interface IRequire3Dictionary
{
Dictionary<string, int> RequiredDictionary { get; }
}
public interface IRequire3Methods
{
void AddEntry(string key, int value);
void RemoveEntry(string key);
}
public class Example3 : IRequire3Dictionary, IRequire3Methods
{
private Dictionary<string, int> internalDictionary { set; get; }
public Example3()
{
internalDictionary = new Dictionary<string, int>();
}
Dictionary<string, int> IRequire3Dictionary.RequiredDictionary
{
get { return this.internalDictionary; }
}
public void AddEntry(string key, int value)
{
internalDictionary.Add(key, value);
}
public void RemoveEntry(string key)
{
internalDictionary.Remove(key);
}
}
public interface IRequire4<T1,T2>
{
CustomDictionary<T1, T2> CustomDictionary { get; }
}
public class CustomDictionary<T1, T2> : Dictionary<T1, T2>
{
public void AddEntry(T1 key, T2 value)
{
base.Add(key, value);
}
public void RemoveEntry(T1 key)
{
base.Remove(key);
}
}
public class Example4 : IRequire4<string, int>
{
private CustomDictionary<string, int> internalDictionary { set; get; }
CustomDictionary<string, int> IRequire4<string, int>.CustomDictionary
{
get { return internalDictionary; }
}
public Example4()
{
internalDictionary = new CustomDictionary<string, int>();
}
public void AddEntry(string key, int value)
{
internalDictionary.Add(key, value);
}
public void RemoveEntry(string key)
{
internalDictionary.Remove(key);
}
}
}And, yes, I do test code I post:
Example1 example1 = new Example1();
example1.AddEntry("hello", 100);
Example2 example2 = new Example2();
example2.AddEntry("goodbye", 200);
Example3 example3 = new Example3();
example3.AddEntry("ex 4", 999);
Example4 example4 = new Example4();
example4.AddEntry("ex 4", 2222);
«I want to stay as close to the edge as I can without going over. Out on the edge you see all kinds of things you can't see from the center» Kurt Vonnegut.
modified 25-May-15 10:14am.
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I'd go with #2 - the fact that the class is using a Dictionary<TKey, TValue> to store the values is an implementation detail, which seems to be irrelevant to the consumer of the interface. All the consumer cares about is that your class has the AddEntry(string, int) and RemoveEntry(string) methods, so that's all that the interface should expose.
Depending on the intended use, it might be worth making the interface generic:
public interface IRequire<TKey, TValue>
{
void AddEntry(TKey key, TValue value);
void RemoveEntry(TKey key);
}
"These people looked deep within my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined."
- Homer
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Hi There,
I was wondering if someone might have any information as to why when I place a toolstrip in a windows form I get a sort of grey border on the right hand side. Its not that noticeable but it is visible and I'm intrigued why it may be there.
http://i.imgur.com/pBrUByR.png[^]
I have included an image of what I am trying to explain, you may need to zoom in a bit on the image to see it.
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I've noticed it too. Try increasing the R-margin of the Toolstrip and see if that pushes the grey border out of view.
/ravi
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Hello again... today i'm asking about the report how to do report from date to date i'm using asp.net and c# i have tried many tutorials but i failed so any one can help??.. Thanks
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What have you tried?
Where are you stuck?
Bad command or file name. Bad, bad command! Sit! Stay! Staaaay...
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i tried many ways but most of the tutorials for vb not asp so i want example or tutorials please help ??
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First work out what you are going to use as a reporting tool!
Then work out how you are going store and return the data (presumably a database)
Then work out how you are going to extract the data for the report (query, collection, stored procedure)
Then write the report in your desired reporting tool to display the data you have extracted.
Then write an app that will display the report for the user.
Simple see.
How can we possibly recommend a tutorial when we know only that you are using asp.net.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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i have make a database and aspx page and i used report viewer tool and i works but now i would like to generate a report from date to date i saw many ways using crystal report so crystal report is the way i should used to get date to date report??
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No crystal reports is the worst choice you could make, use almost any other reporting tool and you will be in front. I recommend SQL server reporting services, comes with the database.
You need to use the database query to get date specific records. The reporting tool does not do that for you.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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thanks for ur replay and i understand u but what i miss is how to do it could u please make an example or to recommend any tutorial for me please??
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Search google for a tutorial as JSchell suggested.
Select FieldList...
From SomeTable
Where datefield between @FromDate and @ToDate
That is a query to get data for a report, assuming you are using SQL Server! You have not even to;d us the database you are using, nor the reporting tool you have chosen.
Never underestimate the power of human stupidity
RAH
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Following in google gives examples of reports
C# example report
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Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'update'. cmd1.CommandText = "select update"
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"select update" is not a valid SQL-statement. You should look for some SQL-tutorial[^].
If the brain were so simple we could understand it, we would be so simple we couldn't. — Lyall Watson
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Hi,
I wanted to know how can I encrypt any number to a 6 unique alphanumeric digits using C#?
Thanks
Jassim[^]
Technology News @ www.JassimRahma.com
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