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Creating an OpenGL view on a Windows Form

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20 Oct 20063 min read 636.8K   20.9K   80   176
How to create an OpenGL view on a Windows Form.

Screenshot Image

Introduction

This article presents a very clean and simple method to render an OpenGL window on a Windows Forms using Managed C++. This method requires no add-ins, third party DLLs, or ActiveX components, often demonstrated with C# Windows Forms. This implementation is in pure .NET using Managed C++. This article assumes the reader has a working knowledge of OpenGL and is using Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 8.0.

Background

Presenting an OpenGL window on an MFC view was very straight forward and easy to implement. The advent of Windows Forms however presents some problems. The concept of the window Device Context does not really exist in Windows Forms. There are some implementations of OpenGL on Windows Forms already out there but these rely on DLLs or ActiveX components containing MFC or Win32 SDK calls. These implementations also assume that the programmer is using C#. Whilst there are some advantages of using C#, I suspect that, like myself, I don't want to rewrite my existing applications in C# just to take advantage of Windows Forms. I also suspect that many C++ programmers don't want or can't move to C#, for corporate reasons or whatever. The implementation here is using pure Managed C++ and .NET.

The implementation

Firstly, we need a new Windows Forms application to work with. Create a new a new Windows Forms application (File -> New -> Project -> Visual C++ -> CLR -> Windows Forms Application).

We will now build an OpenGL class that can be used on several Windows Forms. This can be easily converted into a control that can be added to the Design Time Designer, but I'm not covering that.

Create a new header file for the class, I called my OpenGL.h and copy the following code snippets into it. I will comment below the snippet what the code actually does: -

#pragma once

#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>    

using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

namespace OpenGLForm
{
    public ref class COpenGL: 
      public System::Windows::Forms::NativeWindow

All we've done here is include the necessary headers for OpenGL and decoare a managed C++ class for OpenGL.

{
public:
    COpenGL(System::Windows::Forms::Form ^ parentForm, 
            GLsizei iWidth, GLsizei iHeight)
    {
        CreateParams^ cp = gcnew CreateParams;

        // Set the position on the form
        cp->X = 100;
        cp->Y = 100;
        cp->Height = iWidth;
        cp->Width = iHeight;

        // Specify the form as the parent.
        cp->Parent = parentForm->Handle;

        // Create as a child of the specified parent
        // and make OpenGL compliant (no clipping)
        cp->Style = WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | 
                    WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN;

        // Create the actual window
        this->CreateHandle(cp);

        m_hDC = GetDC((HWND)this->Handle.ToPointer());

        if(m_hDC)
            MySetPixelFormat(m_hDC);
    }

This constructor takes parameters of a parent form, the width of the OpenGL area and the height of the OpenGL area.

The System::Windows::Forms::CreateParams structure allows us to create a Win32 window. We specify WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | WS_CLIPCHILDREN so that our OpenGL display won't be clipped.

virtual System::Void Render(System::Void)
{
    // Clear the color and depth buffers.
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) ;
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
}

This is an overridden function that simply fills the OpenGL area with black.

System::Void SwapOpenGLBuffers(System::Void)
{
    SwapBuffers(m_hDC) ;
}

This is called directly after the OpenGL rendering to put the contents of the OpenGL buffer into our window.

private:
    HDC m_hDC;
    HGLRC m_hglrc;

These are the pointers we need to interact with the Form.

protected:
    ~COpenGL(System::Void)
    {
        this->DestroyHandle();
    }

When destroying the Form, we dispose of our window.

    GLint MySetPixelFormat(HDC hdc)
    {
        PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = { 
            sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),    // size of this pfd 
            1,                                // version number 
            PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |              // support window 
            PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |              // support OpenGL 
            PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,                 // double buffered 
            PFD_TYPE_RGBA,                    // RGBA type 
            24,                               // 24-bit color depth 
            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,                 // color bits ignored 
            0,                                // no alpha buffer 
            0,                                // shift bit ignored 
            0,                                // no accumulation buffer 
            0, 0, 0, 0,                       // accum bits ignored 
            32,                               // 32-bit z-buffer     
            0,                                // no stencil buffer 
            0,                                // no auxiliary buffer 
            PFD_MAIN_PLANE,                   // main layer 
            0,                                // reserved 
            0, 0, 0                           // layer masks ignored 
        }; 
    
        GLint  iPixelFormat; 
     
        // get the device context's best, available pixel format match 
        if((iPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hdc, &pfd)) == 0)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("ChoosePixelFormat Failed");
            return 0;
        }
         
        // make that match the device context's current pixel format 
        if(SetPixelFormat(hdc, iPixelFormat, &pfd) == FALSE)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("SetPixelFormat Failed");
            return 0;
        }
    
        if((m_hglrc = wglCreateContext(m_hDC)) == NULL)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("wglCreateContext Failed");
            return 0;
        }
        
        if((wglMakeCurrent(m_hDC, m_hglrc)) == NULL)
        {
            MessageBox::Show("wglMakeCurrent Failed");
            return 0;
        }
    
        return 1;
    }
};

Standard function to set a pixel format for a Win32 SDK / MFC Device Context. See OpenGL websites for more on this.

If you copy all of the snippets it should build fine, don't forget to add openGL32.lib, gdi32.lib, and User32.lib to your project (Project -> Properties -> Configuration -> All Configurations -> Linker -> Input).

The test container

Open the code view to your form and add the header to your OpenGL class and add a member variable that is a pointer to the class in your Form. Next, change your Form's constructor: -

OpenGL = gcnew COpenGL(this, 640, 480);

If you now override your Paint() function (Forms Designer -> Properties -> Events -> Appearance -> Paint) and call your OpenGL renderer from this:

private: System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^  sender, 
                                  System::EventArgs^  e)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(sender);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(e);
    OpenGL->Render();
    OpenGL->SwapOpenGLBuffers();
}

Run your application! That's it, simply! OpenGL on a Windows Forms!

Points of interest

This method works because the System::Windows::Forms::NativeWindow provides a low-level encapsulation of a window handle and a window procedure. This allows us to treat the class as a HWND (see my user control).

I've changed the demo slightly to show it is more likely to be used. I did this because I've purposefully kept the OpenGL simple (I've not even setup the viewport or viewing frustrum but that is entirely application specific, my article is to show the method of creating an OpenGL view on a Windows Forms).

History

  • 2006/10/18 - Submitted article to CodeProject.

License

This article has no explicit license attached to it but may contain usage terms in the article text or the download files themselves. If in doubt please contact the author via the discussion board below.

A list of licenses authors might use can be found here


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Comments and Discussions

 
QuestionNeed something similar but of type GLFWwindow* Pin
Ibris7713-Dec-21 0:28
Ibris7713-Dec-21 0:28 
QuestionCreating an OpenGL view on a Windows Form Pin
SADEGH207724-Jul-20 4:04
SADEGH207724-Jul-20 4:04 
QuestionTwo OpenGL objects on the same form, it is possible ? Pin
SuperMiQi19-Jun-19 5:01
SuperMiQi19-Jun-19 5:01 
Questionmouse handling problem Pin
Member 1197675223-Jul-18 4:46
Member 1197675223-Jul-18 4:46 
QuestionOpenGL in Child Form Pin
malnikuma26-Jul-16 23:59
malnikuma26-Jul-16 23:59 
QuestionUsing OpenGL in managed c++. Pin
Member 110364102-Feb-16 23:16
Member 110364102-Feb-16 23:16 
QuestionHow can I change the size of the OpenGL window? Pin
Member 1174373327-Oct-15 9:13
Member 1174373327-Oct-15 9:13 
QuestionHow to create C++/CLR WinForm? Pin
wcdeich46-Jun-15 15:38
wcdeich46-Jun-15 15:38 
QuestionglutBitmapCharacter Pin
ky3mu4_8626-Feb-15 4:31
ky3mu4_8626-Feb-15 4:31 
Questionopengl Pin
Member 1076175023-Apr-14 1:02
Member 1076175023-Apr-14 1:02 
QuestionThanks Pin
Member 1019123727-Jan-14 16:27
Member 1019123727-Jan-14 16:27 
Questionis it works in visual studio c++ 2012? Pin
Member 1005080918-Nov-13 1:56
Member 1005080918-Nov-13 1:56 
QuestionMultithreading it ? Pin
Member 1030892713-Nov-13 22:53
Member 1030892713-Nov-13 22:53 
AnswerRe: Multithreading it ? Pin
Sr.WhiteSkull10-Dec-13 17:11
Sr.WhiteSkull10-Dec-13 17:11 
Questionmouse wheel event Pin
Member 1030784527-Oct-13 5:14
Member 1030784527-Oct-13 5:14 
AnswerRe: mouse wheel event Pin
Sr.WhiteSkull9-Dec-13 16:14
Sr.WhiteSkull9-Dec-13 16:14 
QuestionCan't open more Windows Forms Pin
Enthused Dragon21-Sep-13 12:49
Enthused Dragon21-Sep-13 12:49 
Questionshader implementation in this above code Pin
amsainju17-May-13 8:28
professionalamsainju17-May-13 8:28 
QuestionwglCreateContext fails Pin
kalkas21-Jan-13 15:30
kalkas21-Jan-13 15:30 
AnswerRe: wglCreateContext fails Pin
Hasan Zakaria Alhajhamad21-Dec-14 16:01
Hasan Zakaria Alhajhamad21-Dec-14 16:01 
In case if anyone had this problem. This is a linker problem. You need to change the #include<gl gl.h=""> to either #include<gl glut.h=""> or #include<gl freeglut.h=""> after linking the right .lib and .h in your project properties
QuestionLOAD TEXTURES Pin
aristidis_pap21-Dec-12 6:53
aristidis_pap21-Dec-12 6:53 
QuestionSubForms Pin
Member 836783726-Nov-12 20:08
Member 836783726-Nov-12 20:08 
AnswerRe: SubForms Pin
SrinivasLadi17-Dec-12 22:10
SrinivasLadi17-Dec-12 22:10 
QuestionThanks - works perfectly after CLR fix Pin
proximac3-Apr-12 10:38
proximac3-Apr-12 10:38 
AnswerRe: Thanks - works perfectly after CLR fix Pin
proximac7-Apr-12 11:21
proximac7-Apr-12 11:21 

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