Re: How to Broadcast? - C / C++ / MFC Discussion Boards

Try this:
CString szHelpFile = "helpfile.hlp";
::WinHelp( m_hWnd, szHelpFile, HELP_FINDER, NULL );

// Afterall I realized that even my comment lines have bugs

Saying something "doesn't work" is vague at best. What doesn't work? Is it a compiler/linker error? Is an exception thrown? Does it start the help engine but not find the HLP file? Does it open the HLP file but fail to find the right topic?

I you have allocated an linked-list in the CView class, i want to know how to pass a pointer to it to the CDocument class, so you don't have to copy/transmit everything.
Please help me, this is driving me crazy. I have no clue of how doing the serialization. Each node in the list has only two CPoint members.
Sincerely,
Fernando

Fernando Jose Martinez Mendoza
Bucaramanga - Colombia

fermar84 wrote:
I you have allocated an linked-list in the CView class, i want to know how to pass a pointer to it to the CDocument class, so you don't have to copy/transmit everything.

Use: CDocument::GetFirstViewPosition() - GetNextView(pos) to iterate the views to get the one you need and then access you list. eg.

POSITION pos = GetFirstViewPosition();
while (pos != NULL)
{
   CView* pView = GetNextView(pos);
   pLL = pView->GetPtrToLinkedList();
   ...
}

Neville Franks, Author of ED for Windows. www.getsoft.com
Make money with our new Affilate program

Hi all,

How to broadcast a message within a LAN using Winsock? Meaning how to send a message to every machine in a local network without knowing their IP addresses, of course you do know the port you’re using. Like when games find all servers in a network without knowing they are there.

Aidman » over and out

You need to read up on Winsock. There are some articles here. As far as discovering other servers for a game environment etc. It depends on how each server is set up. For example, if the server is always listening for a connection on a particular port, it may be as simple as broadcasting a message to all IPs on that port and see which ones respond. Of course, there should already be an established protocol on how a game running on a client computer would do this.

But, sending a broadcast message is a connectionless datagram protocol such as UDP. Usually, you would send the message to IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255 or your IP's subnet as xxx.xxx.xxx.255. If you read up on how to send a UDP network message, its simply a matter of putting the broadcast address as your destination address (the PC you're sending the message to).

If I use UDP to broadcast, Do I need to use the "setsockopt" function to set the "SO_BROADCAST" flag?

Aidman » over and out

Yes, you do. Here is a sample program I wrote to perform broadcast. It works on both Linux, Posix (for our embedded system), and Windows. For Windows, you need to #define WINMACHINE:

// TEST PROGRAM TO BROADCAST ON UDP SOCKET.  Should work on both POSIX and Windows
// to compile/run in Windows, define WINMACHINE .e.g #define WINMACHIN
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>      /* strlen() */


// platform specific includes   
#ifdef WINMACHINE               // for Windows

#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#include <wincon.h>
#include <conio.h>

#else                           // for unix/POSIX

#include <machine/mpc823.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>  /* sockaddr_in */
#include <sys/errno.h>      // for global errno
#include <netinet/in.h>  /* AF_INET, etc. */
#include <pthread.h>     /* pthread_create() */
#include <netinet/udp.h>

//#include <curses.h>

#endif

#define TXOUTBUFSZ 10000                                // Output buffer size
#define RADAR_PORT 44068                                 // IP/UDP Port number for trans/rcv

// platform specific data declarations and/or definitions
#ifdef WINMACHINE               // for Windows

WSADATA             wsaData;
SOCKET              sock;
SOCKADDR_IN         dst_addr, src_addr;
int                 dst_addr_len = sizeof(dst_addr);

#else                           // for unix/POSIX

int                 sock;
struct sockaddr_in  dst_addr, src_addr;
#endif

// non-platform specific declarations
int                 rc;


int main()
{
    char sampleMsg[132];
    int optval = 1;
    int optlen = sizeof(int);

	dst_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	dst_addr.sin_port = htons(RADAR_PORT);
	dst_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_BROADCAST;  // inet_addr("255.255.255.255"); //htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    strcpy(sampleMsg, "This is a test sample msg from the box. ");

#ifdef WINMACHINE               // for Windows
	// Start WinSock in version 2.0 of the protocol
	rc = WSAStartup (MAKEWORD (1, 0), &wsaData);  // was MAKEWORD(1,1)
	if(rc != 0)
	{
		printf("Error starting WinSock\n");
		goto error;
	}

	// Create a UDP socket for receiving datagrams
	sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if(sock == INVALID_SOCKET)
	{
		printf("Error creating receive socket\n");
		goto error;
	}

	// Set up the socket to do broadcast messages...this may not be needed
	rc = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char *)&optval, optlen);
	if(rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		printf("Error setting up receive buffer\n");
		goto error;
	}

    while(!kbhit())
    {
        printf("Sending data: %s  Any key to quit.\n", sampleMsg);
        rc = sendto(sock, sampleMsg, strlen(sampleMsg) + 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &dst_addr, sizeof(dst_addr));
        if(rc == SOCKET_ERROR)
        {
            printf("Couldn't send data.\n");
            goto error;
        }
        Sleep(1000);
    }

    closesocket(sock);
    goto finish;
#else                           // for unix/POSIX

    sysInit(); 		    /* initialize pKernel   */
    startNetwork();     /* start network stack  */
 if (setuid(0)== -1)
 printf("setuid not eq root");
    /* network initialization code. Make a UDP socket                                               */
    if ((sock = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) 
    {
        printf("Network socket initialization failed.\n");
        fflush(stdout);
        goto error;
    }   

	// Set up the socket to do broadcast messages...this may not be needed
	rc = setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char *)&optval, optlen);
	if(rc)
	{
		printf("Error setting up receive buffer\n");
		goto error;
	}

src_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;

src_addr.sin_port = htons(RADAR_PORT);
src_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);  // inet_addr("255.255.255.255")

if (bind(sock,(struct sockaddr*) &src_addr,sizeof (src_addr)) == -1)
printf("bind failed \n");


	while(1)
	{
           printf("Sending data: %s  Any key to quit.\n", sampleMsg);
	   if(sendto(sock, sampleMsg, strlen(sampleMsg) + 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*) &dst_addr, sizeof(dst_addr)) < 0)
	   {
	     printf("Error: could not send data. \n");
	     fflush(stdout);
	     goto error;
	   }
	   sleep(1);
	}

 
	goto finish;

#endif
finish:
    printf("Done.\n");
return 0;                       // success

error: 

#ifdef WINMACHINE
        printf("\nsock Error in main():  %ld Hit any key\n", WSAGetLastError());
#else
        printf("\nsock Error in main():  %ld Hit any key\n", errno);
#endif

	    getchar();
	    return 1;
}

GREAT THANKS!!!

really cool code =)

Aidman » over and out

Sorry, just one more question...
Can I use the same socket to receive broadcast messages?

Aidman » over and out

Yep. Set up a in_addr structure and a receive buffer to receive data from the specified port and set the IP address you're receiving from to INADDR_ANY. When you do a receive you have to do a bind() first (during the initialization). Should be plenty of examples around.

Ok thanks very much!

I am very sorry, could I ask a last another question? Blush | :O

How do you create a no blocking/waiting socket for recveiving?
So that if there is no incoming data available for the socket at the receiving function "recvfrom" it would continue instead of waiting for incoming data. Can you make the socket nonblocking or must you make the recievning function nonblocking? Is it possible to do this without having multithreads or network events?

Aidman » over and out

The short answer: Yes, you can make a socket blocking or non-blocking. Better answer: Get this book, "Network Programming for Microsoft Windows", Second Edition, Anthony Jones & Jim Ohlund. I got it off of half.com for $15 or $20 bucks. Well worth it especially since it retails for $59.00

Or, read up more on Winsock and sockets. Smile | :)

Is it possible to change the image size (higth/width) the the Image Class?

If so what is the best way to do so?

where did you find this "Image Class" ?

C^hris L^osinger
Smaller Animals Software

This is the link to where i found the Image class

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/gdicpp/GDIPlus/GDIPlusReference/Classes/ImageClass/ImageConstructors/Image_28stream_useEmbeddedColorManagement.asp

It is possible using CImage class in MFC !!!!

Dear all,

The only reason I posted the whole code was to give one the chance to run the program and see in practice the problem.
But I guess that is too much.
Anyway,
The implementation of the two functions is:
[code]
//It returns the member.
Member* AssociationList<book,member>::get_member(Book* book)
{
Member* member=0;
bool searching=true;
int index=0;

while(searching)
{
if (this->association_list[index])
if (this->association_list[index]->linked_book()==book)
{
member=this->association_list[index]->linked_member();
searching=false;
}
else
index++;
else
index++;
if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))
{
searching=false;
}
}
return member;
}
[/code]

[code]
//it returns the book
template<class book,class="" member="">
Book* AssociationList<book,member>::get_book(Member* member)
{
Book* book=0;
bool searching=true;
int index=0;

while(searching)
{
if (this->association_list[index])
if (this->association_list[index]->linked_member()==member)
{
book=this->association_list[index]->linked_book();
searching=false;
}
else
index++;
else
index++;
if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))
{
searching = false;
}
}
return book;
}
[/code]

The template file that I use to display the books is:
[code]
template<class object="">
void List<object>::displayElement(char* type)
{
if (num_elements == 0)
cout<<"No "<<type<<" is="" found="" in="" the="" "<<type<<"="" array.\n";
="" else
="" for(int="" element="0;" element<this-="">num_elements; element++)
{
cout<<'\n';
this->element_list[element]->display(association_list.get_member(element_list[element]));
}
}
[/code]
But it does not work for Members. I've tried to use the recommendations you've told me but it seems not to work.

The program works ok, when I call the functions:
book1.addElement("Books"); and book1.displayElement("Books");
to add a book and to display them respectively.

But when I use the :
member1.addElement("Member"); and member1.displayElement("Member"); it dispalys the problem:

The compiler complains at the point:
this->element_list[element]->display(association_list.get_member(element_list[element])); saying that : get_member: cannot convert parameter one from Class Member* to class Book*.

Can you correct any mistakes or suggest any solutions?
Please if you make any suggestion adjust them to my code, if possible.
Best Regards,
grscot

Below the message editing area you will see a Formatting bar. You need to select all of your code and then click on "pre" and "code" to make it readable. Untill you start doing that your code examples are useless.

Also short to the point snippets of code are far better than long winded examples.

Neville Franks, Author of ED for Windows. www.getsoft.com
Make money with our new Affilate program

...however, you will have to turn your less than and greater than into HTML escapes, and avoid any smiley combination...
unless things changed since I last tried to post code

"Der Geist des Kriegers ist erwacht / Ich hab die Macht" StS

sighist | Agile Programming | doxygen

peterchen wrote:
...however, you will have to turn your less than and greater than into HTML escapes, and avoid any smiley combination...
unless things changed since I last tried to post code

Yes you're right. The Formatting bar has options for this too. ie. < and >

Neville Franks, Author of ED for Windows. www.getsoft.com
Make money with our new Affilate program

I am using the GetCurrentImage function from the IBasicVideo Interface in DirectX like in the example below.

char *buffer = new char[size];
hr = pBV->GetCurrentImage(&size, (long*)buffer);

the buffer is meant to contain the image data from the video stream.

How Can I place these in the IStream Interface, so that i can then pass the IStream in the Image class from GDI+

Any help would be great

Hello All.

I currently have a need to add in a color palette (for picking custom colors) in my application. I have a simple color palette working, but I know there must be a much better way of doing it, in addition, a much nicer looking one.

Anyone have any pointers on where to look for this kind of information?

Thanks.

Confused | :confused:

-stv

http://www.codeproject.com/miscctrl/

Trust in the code Luke. Yea right!

Dear all,
The concept behind the code is:
There is an associationlist that holds association pointers. Each association pointer has two pointers, that point to a book and to a member object respectively.
Now what I'm trying to do is:
To have the association pointer to use its two pointers to point to an array of books(booklist, up to 10 books) and to an array of members  (memberlist, up to 10) respectively. 
If you copy and paste the code the program works ok only for books(adding a new book to the booklist(up to 3 for test purposes) and displaying the books).
If one wants to add a member and display the members, they have to use the function: get_book(); in the file: 
template<class Object>
void List<Object>::displayElement(char* type) of the List.cpp, and also to put in comments the //book1.displayElement("Books"); of the main.cpp file.

If I don't use the comments in the main.cpp file and use the get_book() function then an error will occur: " 'get_book':cannot convert parameter 1 from 'class Book*' to 'class Member*' "

Could someone suggest a solution using a single template function, for displaying members and books?
The code of each file is:

<br />
//Association.h<br />
#ifndef _ASSOCIATION<br />
#define _ASSOCIATION<br />
//#include "Book.h"<br />
//#include "Member.h"<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
class Association<br />
{<br />
	public:<br />
		//Sets up book and member with parameters<br />
		Association(Book* book, Member* member);<br />
		<br />
		//Returns Book<br />
		Book* linked_book(){return this->book;}<br />
		<br />
		//Returns Member<br />
		Member* linked_member(){return this->member;}<br />
		<br />
	private:<br />
		Book* book;<br />
		Member* member;<br />
};<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//Association.cpp<br />
#ifndef _ASSOCIATIONCPP<br />
#define _ASSOCIATIONCPP<br />
#include "Association.h"<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
Association<Book,Member>::Association(Book* book, Member* member)<br />
{<br />
	this->book=book;<br />
	this->member=member;<br />
}<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//AssociationList.h<br />
#ifndef _ASSOCIATIONLIST<br />
#define _ASSOCIATIONLIST<br />
#include "Association.h"<br />
//#include "Book.h"<br />
//#include "Member.h"<br />
<br />
const int LIST_SIZE=100;<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
class AssociationList<br />
{<br />
public:<br />
	//It initialises all slots in the associationlist array to zero.<br />
	AssociationList();<br />
<br />
	/* It searches the associationlist, if book is found then returns <br />
	   the member that is connected with.*/<br />
	    Member* get_member(Book* book);<br />
	<br />
	/* It searches the associationlist, if member is found then returns<br />
	   the book that is connected with.*/ <br />
	    Book* get_book(Member* member);<br />
<br />
	   template<class R,class P><br />
	   R* get_member(P* pArg);<br />
	<br />
	/* Checks that book/member not already linked<br />
	   creates association if objects are free to link<br />
	   returns whether or not link was valid */<br />
	bool link(Book* book,Member* member);<br />
<br />
	/* Checks that book and member are linked <br />
	   deletes association if they are linked<br />
	   returns whether or not unlinking was valid */<br />
	bool unlink(Book* book,Member* member);<br />
private:<br />
	Association<Book,Member>* association_list[LIST_SIZE];<br />
};<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//AssociationList.cpp<br />
#ifndef _ASSOCIATIONLISTCPP<br />
#define _ASSOCIATIONLISTCPP<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include "Association.h"<br />
#include "Association.cpp"<br />
#include "AssociationList.h"<br />
#include "Book.h"<br />
#include "Member.h"<br />
using namespace std;<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
AssociationList<Book,Member>::AssociationList()<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"AssociationList constructor called\n";<br />
	int index;<br />
<br />
	for(index=0; index<LIST_SIZE; index++)<br />
		this->association_list[index]=0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
/*template<class R,class P><br />
R* AssociationList<Book,Member>::get_member(P* pArg)<br />
{<br />
	R* member=0;<br />
	bool searching=true;<br />
	int index=0;<br />
<br />
	while(searching)<br />
	{<br />
		if (this->association_list[index])<br />
			if (this->association_list[index]->linked_book()==book)<br />
			{<br />
				member=this->association_list[index]->linked_member();<br />
				searching=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
				index++;<br />
		else<br />
			index++;<br />
		if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))<br />
		{<br />
			searching=false;<br />
		}<br />
	}<br />
	return member;<br />
}*/<br />
<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
//Member* AssociationList::get_member(Book* book)<br />
<br />
Member* AssociationList<Book,Member>::get_member(Book* book)<br />
{<br />
	Member* member=0;<br />
	bool searching=true;<br />
	int index=0;<br />
<br />
	while(searching)<br />
	{<br />
		if (this->association_list[index])<br />
			if (this->association_list[index]->linked_book()==book)<br />
			{<br />
				member=this->association_list[index]->linked_member();<br />
				searching=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
				index++;<br />
		else<br />
			index++;<br />
		if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))<br />
		{<br />
			searching=false;<br />
		}<br />
	}<br />
	return member;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
Book* AssociationList<Book,Member>::get_book(Member* member)<br />
{<br />
	Book* book=0;<br />
	bool searching=true;<br />
	int index=0;<br />
<br />
	while(searching)<br />
	{<br />
		if (this->association_list[index])<br />
			if (this->association_list[index]->linked_member()==member)<br />
			{<br />
				book=this->association_list[index]->linked_book();<br />
				searching=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
				index++;<br />
		else<br />
			index++;<br />
		if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))<br />
		{<br />
			searching = false;<br />
		}<br />
	}<br />
	return book;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
bool AssociationList<Book,Member>::link(Book* book,Member* member)<br />
{<br />
	bool searching=true;<br />
	bool success=true;<br />
	int index=0;<br />
	int free_slot;<br />
<br />
	while(searching)<br />
	{<br />
		if(this->association_list[index])<br />
			if((this->association_list[index]->linked_book()==book ||<br />
				(this->association_list[index]->linked_member()==member)))<br />
		{<br />
			searching=false;<br />
			success=false;<br />
		}<br />
			else<br />
				index++;<br />
		else<br />
		{<br />
			free_slot=index;<br />
			index++;<br />
		}<br />
		if(searching&&(index == LIST_SIZE))<br />
			searching=false;<br />
	}<br />
	if (success)<br />
		this->association_list[free_slot]=new Association(book,member);<br />
	return success;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Book,class Member><br />
bool AssociationList<Book,Member>::unlink(Book* book,Member* member)<br />
{<br />
	bool searching=true;<br />
	bool success=true;<br />
	int index=0;<br />
	int link_slot;<br />
<br />
	while(searching)<br />
	{<br />
		if (this->association_list[index])<br />
			if (this->association_list[index]->linked_book()==book &&<br />
				this->association_list[index]->linked_member()==member)<br />
			{<br />
				searching=false;<br />
				link_slot=index;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
				index++;<br />
		else<br />
		{<br />
			index++;<br />
		}<br />
		if (searching && (index == LIST_SIZE))<br />
		{<br />
			searching=false;<br />
			success=false;<br />
		}<br />
	}<br />
	if (success)<br />
		delete this->association_list[link_slot];<br />
	return success;<br />
}<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//Book.cpp<br />
#include<iostream><br />
#include"Book.h"<br />
#include"Member.h"<br />
using namespace std;<br />
<br />
Book::Book()<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Book constructor called called\n";<br />
	this->bookDetails=get_string_ver2("input book title and author separated by a comma and a space character: ");<br />
}<br />
<br />
Book::~Book()<br />
{<br />
	if (this->bookDetails)<br />
		delete [] this->bookDetails;<br />
}<br />
<br />
void Book::display(Member* borrower)<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Book title and author are: "<<this->bookDetails<<"."<<endl;<br />
	if (borrower)<br />
		cout<<"The member's name is: "<<borrower->get_name()<<"."<<endl;<br />
	else<br />
		cout<<"No member has borrowed a book."<<endl;<br />
}<br />

<br />
//Book.h<br />
#ifndef _BOOK<br />
#define _BOOK<br />
#include "utility.h"<br />
class Member;//Forward Reference<br />
class Book<br />
{<br />
public:<br />
	//Reads and allocates space for title and author.<br />
	Book();<br />
	<br />
	//Releases the space pointed at by the title and author.<br />
	~Book();<br />
	<br />
	//Returns the book title and author.<br />
	char* get_bookDetails(){return this->bookDetails;}<br />
<br />
	//Displays the book title and author and the member who has borrowed the book as applicable.<br />
	void display(Member* borrower);<br />
private:<br />
	Member* borrower;<br />
	char* bookDetails;<br />
};<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//Member.cpp<br />
#include<iostream><br />
#include"Book.h"<br />
#include"Member.h"<br />
using namespace std;<br />
<br />
Member::Member()<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Member constructor called\n";<br />
	this->name=get_string("Input member's surname and forename respectively, separated by a comma and a space character: <br />
<br />
");<br />
}<br />
<br />
Member::~Member()<br />
{<br />
	if (this->name)<br />
		delete [] this->name;<br />
}<br />
<br />
void Member::display(Book* book)<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Member's name is: "<<this->name<<"."<<endl;<br />
	if (book)<br />
		cout<<"Book title and author are: "<<book->get_bookDetails()<<"."<<endl;<br />
	else<br />
		cout<<this->name<<" has not borrowed any book."<<endl;<br />
}<br />

<br />
//Member.h<br />
#ifndef _MEMBER<br />
#define _MEMBER<br />
#include "utility.h"<br />
class Book;//Forward Reference<br />
class Member<br />
{<br />
public:<br />
	//Reads and allocates space for member's full name.<br />
	Member();<br />
	<br />
	//Releases the space pointed at by name.<br />
	~Member();<br />
<br />
	//Returns member's full name.<br />
	char* get_name(){return this->name;}<br />
<br />
	//Displays the member's full name and the book borrowed by the member as applicable. <br />
	void display(Book* book);<br />
private:<br />
	Book* book;<br />
	char* name;<br />
};<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//List.cpp<br />
#ifndef _LISTCPP<br />
#define _LISTCPP<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include "AssociationList.h"<br />
//#include "Book.h"<br />
#include "List.h"<br />
//#include "Member.h"<br />
<br />
using namespace std;<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
List<Object>::List()<br />
{<br />
	this->num_elements=0;<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
List<Object>::~List()<br />
{<br />
	for(int element=0; element<this->num_elements; element++)<br />
		delete this->element_list[element];<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
void List<Object>::addElement(char* type)<br />
{<br />
	if (this->num_elements == MAX_ELEMENTS)<br />
	{<br />
		cout<<"No more room in the "<<type<<" array.\n";<br />
		cout<<"The maximum number of "<<type<<" is "<<MAX_ELEMENTS<<"."<<endl;<br />
	}<br />
	else<br />
	{<br />
		this->element_list[num_elements]=new Object;<br />
		(this->num_elements)++;<br />
	}<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
void List<Object>::displayElement(char* type)<br />
{<br />
	if (num_elements == 0)<br />
		cout<<"No "<<type<<" is found in the "<<type<<" array.\n";<br />
	else<br />
		for(int element=0; element<this->num_elements; element++)<br />
		{<br />
			cout<<'\n';<br />
			this->element_list[element]->display(association_list.get_member(element_list[element]));<br />
		}<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
void List<Object>::borrowElement()<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Borrow book function invoked\n";<br />
}<br />
<br />
template<class Object><br />
void List<Object>::returnElement()<br />
{<br />
	cout<<"Return book function invoked\n";<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//List.h<br />
#ifndef _LIST<br />
#define _LIST<br />
#include "AssociationList.h"<br />
#include "Book.h"<br />
#include "Member.h"<br />
const int MAX_ELEMENTS=3;<br />
template<class Object><br />
class List<br />
{<br />
	public:<br />
			List();<br />
			~List();<br />
			void addElement(char* type);<br />
			void removeElement();<br />
			void displayElement(char* type);<br />
			void borrowElement();<br />
			void returnElement();<br />
	private:<br />
			AssociationList<Book,Member>association_list;<br />
			Object* element_list[MAX_ELEMENTS];<br />
			int num_elements;<br />
};<br />
#endif<br />

<br />
//utility.cpp<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include <cstring><br />
#include <ctype.h><br />
using namespace std;<br />
#define cinFlush cin.seekg(ios::end)<br />
<br />
char* get_string (char* prompt)<br />
{<br />
	const int MAX_SIZE=100;<br />
	char string[MAX_SIZE];<br />
	char* out_string;<br />
	char *substring=", ";<br />
	int position=0;<br />
	bool result=false;<br />
	do<br />
	{<br />
		cout<<prompt; cinFlush;<br />
		//cin>>string;<br />
		//cin.get();<br />
		cin.getline(string,MAX_SIZE);<br />
		if (strstr(string,substring) == NULL)<br />
		{<br />
			cout<<"Invalid Name(substring ', ' not found into the string)"<<endl;<br />
			result=false;<br />
		}<br />
		else<br />
		{<br />
			position=strstr(string,substring) - string;<br />
			if (position == 0)<br />
			{<br />
				cout<<"Invalid Name(substring ', ' found in the beginning of the string)"<<endl;<br />
				result=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else if (toascii(string[position + 1]) == 32 && string[position + 2] == '\0')<br />
			{<br />
				cout<<"Invalid Name(substring ', ' found at the end of the string)"<<endl;<br />
				result=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
			{<br />
				for(int j=0; j<position; j++)<br />
					if ((toascii(string[j]) >= 0 && toascii(string[j]) <= 64)<br />
						|| (toascii(string[j]) >= 91 && toascii(string[j]) <= 96)<br />
						|| (toascii(string[j]) >= 123 && toascii(string[j]) <= 127))<br />
					{<br />
						cout<<"Invalid character(s) found before the substring ', '"<<endl;<br />
						result=false;<br />
						break;<br />
					}<br />
					else<br />
					{<br />
						for(int m=position + 2; m<strlen(string); m++)<br />
							if ((toascii(string[m]) >= 0 && toascii(string[m]) <= 64)<br />
								|| (toascii(string[m]) >= 91 && toascii(string[m]) <= 96)<br />
								|| (toascii(string[m]) >= 123 && toascii(string[m]) <= 127))<br />
							{<br />
								result=false;<br />
								break;<br />
							}<br />
							else<br />
								result=true;<br />
					}<br />
<br />
			}<br />
		}<br />
		}while(!result && !cin.eof());<br />
		out_string=new char [strlen(string)+1];<br />
		if (out_string)<br />
			strcpy(out_string,string);<br />
		return out_string;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
char* get_string_ver2 (char* prompt)<br />
{<br />
	const int MAX_SIZE=100;<br />
	char string[MAX_SIZE];<br />
	char* out_string;<br />
	char *substring=", ";//new<br />
	int position=0;//new<br />
	bool result=false;//new<br />
	do//new<br />
	{//new<br />
		cout<<prompt; cinFlush;<br />
		//cin>>string;<br />
		//cin.get();<br />
		cin.getline(string,MAX_SIZE);<br />
		if (strstr(string,substring) == NULL)<br />
		{<br />
			cout<<"Invalid String(substring ', ' not found into the string)"<<endl;<br />
			result=false;<br />
		}<br />
		else<br />
		{<br />
			position=strstr(string,substring) - string;<br />
			if (position == 0)<br />
			{<br />
				//cout<<"Substring found at position: "<<position<<endl;<br />
				cout<<"Invalid String(substring ', ' found in the beginning of the string)"<<endl;<br />
				result=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else if (toascii(string[position + 1]) == 32 && string[position + 2] == '\0')<br />
			{<br />
				//cout<<"Substring found at position: "<<position<<endl;<br />
				cout<<"Invalid String(substring ', ' found at the end of the string)"<<endl;<br />
				result=false;<br />
			}<br />
			else<br />
			{<br />
				for(int z=0;z<position; z++)<br />
					if  (!(( toascii(string[z]) > 64 && toascii(string[z]) < 91 ) <br />
						|| ( toascii(string[z]) > 96 && toascii(string[z]) < 123)<br />
						|| ( toascii(string[z]) == 32)))<br />
					{<br />
						cout<<"Invalid character(s) found before the substring"<<endl;<br />
						result=false;<br />
						break;<br />
					}<br />
					else<br />
					{<br />
						for(int m=position + 2; m<strlen(string); m++)<br />
							if (!(( toascii(string[z]) > 64 && toascii(string[z]) < 91 ) <br />
						       || ( toascii(string[z]) > 96 && toascii(string[z]) < 123)<br />
						       || ( toascii(string[z]) == 32)))<br />
							{<br />
								result=false;<br />
								break;<br />
							}<br />
							else<br />
								result=true;<br />
					}<br />
<br />
			}<br />
		}<br />
		}while(!result);<br />
		out_string=new char [strlen(string)+1];<br />
		if (out_string)<br />
			strcpy(out_string,string);<br />
		return out_string;<br />
}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
void hold_screen()<br />
{<br />
	char ch;<br />
<br />
	cout << "hit enter to continue" << endl;<br />
	cin.get(ch);<br />
}<br />
<br />
void prompt_to_quit()<br />
{<br />
	char ch;<br />
<br />
	cout << "hit enter to quit" << endl;<br />
	cin.get(ch);	<br />
}<br />

<br />
//utility.h<br />
#ifndef _UTILITY<br />
#define _UTILITY<br />
/* prompts for a string, checks for the existence of <br />
   the substring ', ' and for valid characters before <br />
   and after the substring and finally dynamically <br />
   allocates space to store the string, returns the <br />
   pointer to the allocated storage or 0 if the allocation fails */<br />
char* get_string (char* prompt);<br />
<br />
/* prompts for a string, checks for the existence of <br />
   the substring ', ' and for valid characters before <br />
   and after the substring and finally dynamically <br />
   allocates space to store the string, returns the <br />
   pointer to the allocated storage or 0 if the allocation fails */<br />
char* get_string_ver2(char* prompt);<br />
<br />
/* prompts for a carriage return character to hold<br />
   window on display before program continues */<br />
void hold_screen();<br />
<br />
/* prompts for a carriage return character to hold<br />
   window on display before program ends */<br />
void prompt_to_quit();<br />
<br />
/* prompts for a string up to 100 characters<br />
   and checks whether the string characters are all alphabetical<br />
   returns either true or false. */<br />
//bool validateInput(char *input);<br />
<br />
#endif<br />

and finally

<br />
//main()<br />
#include <iostream><br />
#include "List.cpp"<br />
#include "Association.cpp"<br />
#include "AssociationList.h"<br />
#include "AssociationList.cpp"<br />
#include "Book.h"<br />
#include <conio.h><br />
#include "Member.h"<br />
#include "utility.h"<br />
#define cinFlush cin.seekg(ios::end)<br />
using namespace std;<br />
<br />
void main()<br />
{<br />
	List<Member>member1;<br />
	List<Book>book1;<br />
	char menuChoice;<br />
	do<br />
	{<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"**** Main Menu ****"<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"1: Add Book        "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"2: Remove Book     "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"3: Display Books   "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"4: Add Member      "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"5: Remove Member   "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"6: Display Members "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"7: Borrow Book     "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"8: Return Book     "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<'\n';<br />
		cout<<"0: Quit            "<<endl;<br />
		cout<<endl;<br />
		cout<<"Enter one of the above choices: ";cinFlush;<br />
		cin>>menuChoice;<br />
		switch(menuChoice)<br />
		{<br />
		case '1': cout<<'\n';<br />
                  book1.addElement("Books");<br />
			      break;<br />
		case '2': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      <br />
				  break;<br />
		case '3': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      book1.displayElement("Books");<br />
				  break;<br />
		case '4': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      //member1.addElement("Member");<br />
				  break;<br />
		case '5': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      <br />
				  break;<br />
		case '6': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      //member1.displayElement("Member");<br />
				  break;<br />
		case '7': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      //book1.borrowElement();<br />
				  break;<br />
		case '8': cout<<'\n';<br />
			      //book1.returnElement();<br />
				  break;<br />
		default:  cout<<'\n';<br />
			      cout<<"Invalid Selection\n";<br />
		}<br />
	}while(menuChoice != '0' && !cin.eof());<br />
	prompt_to_quit();<br />
}<br />

What I want to do is to use one function for displaying members and books (to use a template). 
What needs to be changed to use only one function for displaying members and books?

Regards,
grscot