Managed C++/CLI

John Schroedl21-Mar-11 4:02

John Schroedl

21-Mar-11 4:02

Let's start with #2:

The ^ character indicates a handle which is a reference to a managed object on the CLI heap.

The Wikipedia article isn't too good at explaining in my opinion: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI#Handles[^] but you may want to look at it anyway.

This intro may be a bit friendlier: http://www.functionx.com/cppcli/handles/Lesson06c.htm[^]

For #1:

I'm creating a Predicate which is really just a function which returns True or False based on my own rules. Often predicates are used for sorting.

So my predicate function (IsMissileOffScreen) returns True if I see the missile has left the screen.

In RemoveAll, my predicate is called and passed one missile at a time as a parameter (the type of the parameter is missile^ which I indicate in the < > arguments. If I return True from IsMissileOffScreen, the RemoveAll() call will remove the missile from the Missiles list. So after this line, we're left with only on-screen missiles in the Missiles list.

Make sense?

John

Cyclone_S21-Mar-11 15:44

21-Mar-11 15:44

Yea it mostly makes sense. I apreciate the help.

Cyclone_S23-Mar-11 13:21

23-Mar-11 13:21

I have one little issue. I can't seem to delete the enemy object. I have tried "delete o1" and dispose "o1->Box3->Dispose" and none work. Any ideas? Thanks.

System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) // A timer that checks for missile collisions.
			{
				for each (missile^ m in Missiles) // Go through the "Missiles" list and check for certain conditions such as a missile collision.
				{
					if(IsColliding(m)) // Run the collision detection function.
					{
						collision = false;
						if(m->Timer1->Enabled || m->Timer2->Enabled || m->Timer3->Enabled || m->Timer4->Enabled){collision_counter++;}
						Label1->Text = collision_counter.ToString();
						if(collision_counter == 1){} // Destroy the enemy object.
						m->Timer1->Stop(); // Stop the missiles from animatiing.
						m->Timer2->Stop();
						m->Timer3->Stop();
						m->Timer4->Stop();
					}
				}
				Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen)); // Remove any m("missile" class object instances) from the "Missile" list.
			}

Entire Code

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;

public ref class missile // missile class
{
	public:
			PictureBox^ Box1; // Create the missile using a Picturebox control.			
			Timer^ Timer1;
			Timer^ Timer2;
			Timer^ Timer3;
			Timer^ Timer4;

			missile( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor.
			{
				Timer1 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer2 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer3 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer4 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer1->Interval = 1;
				Timer1->Start();
				Timer2->Interval = 1;
				Timer3->Interval = 1;
				Timer4->Interval = 1;
				Box1 = gcnew PictureBox();
				Box1->Width = 10;
				Box1->Height = 10;
				Box1->Left = 150;
				Box1->Top = 335;
				Box1->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Blue;
				form->Controls->Add(Box1);
				Timer1->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer1_Tick);
				Timer2->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer2_Tick);
				Timer3->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer3_Tick);
				Timer4->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &missile::timer4_Tick);
			}
			
			System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e)
			{
				Box1->Top--; // Move the missiles up using a timer.
			}

			System::Void timer2_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) 
			{
				Box1->Left++; // Move the missiles right using a timer.
			}

			System::Void timer3_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) 
			{
				Box1->Top++; // Move the missiles down using a timer.
			}

			System::Void timer4_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) 
			{
				Box1->Left--; // Move the missiles left using a timer.
			}
};

public ref class object // The enemy 'object' class.
{
	public:
			PictureBox^ Box3; // Create the enemies using a Picturebox control.
			

			object( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor.
			{   
				Box3 = gcnew PictureBox();
				Box3->Width = 100;
				Box3->Height = 100;
				Box3->Left = 145;
				Box3->Top = 125;
				Box3->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Red;
				form->Controls->Add(Box3);
			}
};

public ref class laser // Enemy lasers.
{
	public:
			PictureBox^ Box4;
			Timer^ Timer1;

			laser( Form ^ form ) // Class Constructor.
			{
				Timer1 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer1->Interval = 1;
				Timer1->Start();
				Box4 = gcnew PictureBox();
				Box4->Width = 8;
				Box4->Height = 50;
				Box4->Left = 145;
				Box4->Top = 125;
				Box4->BackColor = System::Drawing::Color::Red;
				form->Controls->Add(Box4);
				Timer1->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &laser::timer1_Tick);
			}

			System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) 
			{
				Box4->Top++; // Move the missiles down using a timer.
			}
};

public ref class Form1 : public Form // The main form.
{
	public:
			PictureBox^ Box2; // Create the turret using a Picturebox control.
			object^ o1;
			Timer^ Timer1; // A timer which checks for missile collisions.
			Timer^ Timer2; // A timer which fires lasers from the enemy objects.
			List<missile^>^ Missiles; // A list that contains the missile objects.
			List<laser^>^ Lasers; // A list that contains the laser objects.
			bool collision;
			bool tLeft;
			bool tBottom;
			bool tTop;
			bool tRight;
			int collision_counter;
			Label^ Label1;

			Form1() // Class constructor.
			{	
				Label1 = gcnew Label();
				Label1->Text = "0";
				tBottom = true;
				Missiles = gcnew List<missile^>();
				Lasers = gcnew List<laser^>();
				Timer1 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer1->Interval = 1;
				Timer1->Start();
				Timer2 = gcnew Timer();
				Timer2->Interval = 1000;
				Box2 = gcnew PictureBox();
				Box2->BackColor = Color::Blue;
				Box2->Top = 340;
				Box2->Left = (this->Width / 2) + 15;
				Box2->Width = 40;
				Box2->Height = 10;
				this->Controls->Add(Box2);
				this->Controls->Add(Label1);
				this->Width = 400;
				this->Height = 400;
				this->KeyDown += gcnew System::Windows::Forms::KeyEventHandler(this, &Form1::Form_KeyDown);
				Timer1->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &Form1::timer1_Tick);
				Timer2->Tick += gcnew System::EventHandler(this, &Form1::timer2_Tick);
			}

			System::Void Form_KeyDown(System::Object^ sender, System::Windows::Forms::KeyEventArgs^ e)
			{	
				if(o1 != nullptr)
				{
				if(e->KeyCode == Keys::Up) // Fire the missiles.
				{	
					missile^ m = gcnew missile(this);
					if(tBottom == true)
					{
						m->Box1->Left = Box2->Left + (Box2->Width / 2) - 10;
						m->Timer1->Start();m->Timer2->Stop();m->Timer3->Stop();m->Timer4->Stop();
					}
					else if(tLeft == true)
					{
						m->Timer1->Stop(); m->Timer2->Start();m->Timer3->Stop();m->Timer4->Stop();
						m->Box1->Left = Box2->Left + Box2->Width;
						m->Box1->Top = Box2->Top + (Box2->Width / 2) + 10;
					}
					else if(tTop == true)
					{
						m->Timer1->Stop(); m->Timer2->Stop();m->Timer3->Start();m->Timer4->Stop();
						m->Box1->Left = Box2->Left + (Box2->Width / 2) - 6;
						m->Box1->Top = Box2->Bottom - 10;
					}
					else if(tRight == true)
					{
						m->Timer1->Stop(); m->Timer2->Stop();m->Timer3->Stop();m->Timer4->Start();
						m->Box1->Left = Box2->Left;
						m->Box1->Top = Box2->Bottom - 25;
					}
					Missiles->Add(m); // Add the m (missile object instances) to the list.
				}
				
				// Move the turret.
				if(e->KeyCode == Keys::Left) // Move the turret along all 4 sides of window.
				{

					if(tBottom == true)
					{
						Box2->Left -= 4;
						if(Box2->Left <=4)
						{
							Box2->Width = 10;Box2->Height = 40;
							Box2->Top -= 30; Box2->Left += 1;
							tBottom = false; tLeft = true;
						}
					}
					
					if(tLeft == true)
					{
						Box2->Top -= 4;
						if(Box2->Top <=4)
						{
							Box2->Width = 40;Box2->Height = 10;
							tLeft = false; tTop = true;
						}
					}

					if(tTop == true)
					{
						Box2->Left += 4;
						if(Box2->Right >= 380)
						{
							Box2->Width = 10;Box2->Height = 40;
							Box2->Left += 28; Box2->Top -= 4;
							tTop = false; tRight = true;
						}
					}

					if(tRight == true)
					{
						Box2->Top += 4;
						if(Box2->Bottom >= 350)
						{
							Box2->Width = 40;Box2->Height = 10;
							Box2->Left -= 31; Box2->Top += 30;
							tRight = false; tBottom = true;
						}
					}
				}

				if(e->KeyCode == Keys::Right)
				{
					if(tBottom == true)
					{
						Box2->Left += 4;
						if(Box2->Right >= 380)
						{
							Box2->Width = 10;Box2->Height = 40;
							Box2->Top -= 26; Box2->Left += 28;
							tBottom = false; tRight = true;
						}
					}
					
					if(tRight == true)
					{
						Box2->Top -= 4;
						if(Box2->Top <=4)
						{
							Box2->Left -= 26;
							Box2->Width = 40;Box2->Height = 10;
							tRight = false; tTop = true;
						}
					}

					if(tTop == true)
					{
						Box2->Left -= 4;
						if(Box2->Left <= 4)
						{
							
							Box2->Top -= 4;
							Box2->Width = 10;Box2->Height = 38;
							tTop = false; tLeft = true;
						}
					}

					if(tLeft == true)
					{
						Box2->Top += 4;
						if(Box2->Bottom >= 350)
						{
							Box2->Left -= 0; Box2->Top += 25;
							Box2->Width = 40;Box2->Height = 10;
							tLeft = false; tBottom = true;
						}
					}
				}
				}
				// Start the game.
				if(e->KeyCode == Keys::Down) {o1 = gcnew object(this);Timer2->Start();}
			}

			bool IsMissileOffScreen(missile^ m) // Check is a missile goes off screen.
			{
				return m->Box1->Bottom < 0;
			}

			bool IsColliding(missile^ m) // Check is a missile collides with the box.
			{
				if((m->Box1->Right >= o1->Box3->Left && m->Box1->Right <= o1->Box3->Right) ||  (m->Box1->Left >= o1->Box3->Left && m->Box1->Left <= o1->Box3->Right))
				{
					if((m->Box1->Top >= o1->Box3->Top && m->Box1->Top <= o1->Box3->Bottom) || (m->Box1->Bottom >= o1->Box3->Top && m->Box1->Bottom <= o1->Box3->Bottom))
					collision = true;
				}
				else if((m->Box1->Top >= o1->Box3->Top && m->Box1->Top <= o1->Box3->Bottom) || (m->Box1->Bottom >= o1->Box3->Top && m->Box1->Bottom <= o1->Box3->Bottom))
				{
					if((m->Box1->Right >= o1->Box3->Left && m->Box1->Right <= o1->Box3->Right) || (m->Box1->Left >= o1->Box3->Left && m->Box1->Left <= o1->Box3->Right))
					collision = true;
				}
				return collision; // Returns true if there is a collision.
			}
		
			System::Void timer1_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) // A timer that checks for missile collisions.
			{
				for each (missile^ m in Missiles) // Go through the "Missiles" list and check for certain conditions such as a missile collision.
				{
					if(IsColliding(m)) // Run the collision detection function.
					{
						collision = false;
						if(m->Timer1->Enabled || m->Timer2->Enabled || m->Timer3->Enabled || m->Timer4->Enabled){collision_counter++;}
						Label1->Text = collision_counter.ToString();
						if(collision_counter == 1){} // Destroy the enemy object.
						m->Timer1->Stop(); // Stop the missiles from animatiing.
						m->Timer2->Stop();
						m->Timer3->Stop();
						m->Timer4->Stop();
					}
				}
				Missiles->RemoveAll(gcnew Predicate<missile^>(this, &Form1::IsMissileOffScreen)); // Remove any m("missile" class object instances) from the "Missile" list.
			}

			System::Void timer2_Tick(System::Object^  sender, System::EventArgs^  e) // A timer that fires lasers from the enemy object.
			{
				
				laser^ lD = gcnew laser(this);
				lD->Box4->Top = o1->Box3->Bottom;



				Lasers->Add(lD); // Add the l (laser object instances) to the list.
			}
};


[STAThread]
int main()
{	
    Application::Run(gcnew Form1()); // Run the application\create the main form.
}

Luc Pattyn23-Mar-11 16:01

Luc Pattyn

23-Mar-11 16:01

why would each missile need four timers? you can have multiple statements in a single Tick handler, and you can skip part of the handler if not all code needs the same period, as in (C# code again):

int tick=0;

public void TickHandler(object sender, EventArgs e) {
    tick++;
    doSomethingEachTime();
    if (tick%10==0) doSomethingEveryTenthTime();
}

And I already told you an interval of 1 msec does not really exist for the timers you are using, see the article I provided a link to.

Smile | :)

Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum

Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.

John Schroedl23-Mar-11 18:22

John Schroedl

23-Mar-11 18:22

Luc is correct, the missile really should not maintain four timers.

As for why you cannot seem to delete the object, there are a few things here:

When you detect the collision, you need to remove o1->Box3 from the form children so that it disappears from the screen. After that, simply set o1 = null;

It's probably smart to make a function in the object class like explode() which does the removal of Box3.

Also, you have lots of code which assumes o1 is non-null. You need to check o1 for null before using it.

And one more suggestion is to rename your class from "object" to something like "target" since it's easy to confuse with System::Object.

John

Cyclone_S25-Mar-11 14:31

25-Mar-11 14:31

I agree with the feed back. The code would benift with a rewrite. The game is finished now but the next program I will try to pay more attention while coding. Thanks for the help.

Cyclone_S26-Mar-11 9:38

26-Mar-11 9:38

Thanks for the suggestions. The "o1 = NULL;" didn't work but I found a work around.

return 2 HWND

Masternoob00718-Mar-11 1:19

Masternoob007

18-Mar-11 1:19

i wrote a dll with an external function:

__declspec(dllexport) HWND _stdcall StartWindow(char *WindowTitle, char *WindowText, int Style)
{	
	System::String ^ TextString = gcnew System::String(WindowText);
	System::String ^ TitleString = gcnew System::String(WindowTitle);
	
	Application::EnableVisualStyles();	
	ProgressBarWindow ^form = gcnew ProgressBarWindow();
	form->textBox1->Text = TextString;
	form->Text = TitleString;
	
	if (Style == 1){				
		form->progressBar1->Style = System::Windows::Forms::ProgressBarStyle::Marquee;		
	}
	else if (Style == 2){
		form->progressBar1->Style = System::Windows::Forms::ProgressBarStyle::Continuous;
	}

	form->Show();	
	
	HWND WindowHndl = (HWND)form->Handle.ToPointer();
	HWND textboxHandle = (HWND)form->textBox1->Handle.ToPointer();
		
	return WindowHndl;
}

it returns the WindowHandle but i need to return the textboxHandle too!

how can i do that?

Re: return 2 HWND

Richard MacCutchan18-Mar-11 2:50

[C++/CLI] Progressbar doesn't work [modified]

18-Mar-11 2:50

You cannot return more than one item. Get the caller to send you the a pointer (to a HWND) where you can store the handle; something like:

HWND hTextBox;
HWND hWnd = StartWindow("Title", "Text", WM_STYLES, &hTextBox);

and then your function would do

__declspec(dllexport) HWND _stdcall StartWindow(char *WindowTitle, char *WindowText, int Style, HWND* pHwnd)
{
// other code
    *pHwnd = textboxHandle;
// ...}

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

Masternoob00716-Mar-11 2:08

Masternoob007

16-Mar-11 2:08

I create a Window with a ProgressBar (Marquee Style) but it doesnt work, id doesnt show anything!

here is my code:

ProgressBarWindow ^form = gcnew ProgressBarWindow();
form->textBox1->Text = TextString;
form->Text = TitleString;				
form->progressBar1->Style = System::Windows::Forms::ProgressBarStyle::Marquee;		
form->Show();

The textbox and the title are filled correctly in the form!

modified on Wednesday, March 16, 2011 8:37 AM

Re: [C++/CLI] Progressbar doesn't work

Luc Pattyn16-Mar-11 2:27

Luc Pattyn

16-Mar-11 2:27

there must be a lot more code related to the PrograssBar. It needs some properties set including Size and Location (or Bounds), it needs to be added to the Form's Controls property, etc. You didn't show these (if added through Visual Designer, they would be in a separate file, where textBox1 initialization would be too), so I can't tell what is wrong.

FWIW: MSDN on ProgressBar holds a remark "The Marquee style is honored only when visual styles are enabled. The Continuous style is honored when visual styles are not enabled." So check your app's Main() method.

Smile | :)

Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum

Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.

Re: [C++/CLI] Progressbar doesn't work

Masternoob00716-Mar-11 2:37

Masternoob007

16-Mar-11 2:37

i forgot "Application::EnableVisualStyles();" in my main....

thx for your help Thumbs Up | :thumbsup:

problem in using library of LFSR

smishtiaqhussain12-Mar-11 9:24

smishtiaqhussain

12-Mar-11 9:24

I am writing a code in visual studio 2008 c++.I have to use linear feedback shift register,so i have downloaded the library from
http://lfsr-generator.sourceforge.net.
On the web procedure is mentioned for installing it, that contains some commands like given below.
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install

I have written these command in cmd,but i didn't works there.Please tell me how I can install it,or how i can use this library in my code.

Thanks in advance

Ishtiaq

Richard MacCutchan12-Mar-11 9:48

12-Mar-11 9:48

I think you may find that this project has been designed for UNIX only. You will probably need something like cygwin[^] to run it on a Windows system.

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

smishtiaqhussain12-Mar-11 10:49

smishtiaqhussain

12-Mar-11 10:49

Thanks for the reply. I think cygwin would be the right option for me. Could you please tell me how to use cygwin? Or if you know of any online material that would help me get going on using it.
Thanks.

Richard MacCutchan12-Mar-11 22:29

12-Mar-11 22:29

smishtiaqhussain wrote:
Could you please tell me how to use cygwin? Or if you know of any online material that would help me get going on using it.

I gave you the link to the cygwin site in my previous answer, now it's up to you to go and learn about it.

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

Luc Pattyn12-Mar-11 9:59

Luc Pattyn

12-Mar-11 9:59

why would you go and suffer all the trouble, when a shift register just takes a few lines of code anyway? write a little class that does what you need and add it to your current project. No third party stuff, no separate project, no hassle. Or am I missing something here?

Smile | :)

Luc Pattyn [Forum Guidelines] [My Articles] Nil Volentibus Arduum

Please use <PRE> tags for code snippets, they preserve indentation, improve readability, and make me actually look at the code.

Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

jschell13-Mar-11 10:14

jschell

13-Mar-11 10:14

Luc Pattyn wrote:
why would you go and suffer all the trouble, when a shift register just takes a few lines of code anyway?

Because it isn't just a register shift.

Ole Morten Heien10-Mar-11 21:36

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

10-Mar-11 21:36

Hi all.
I have a strange problem. I have tryed local .NET forums and MSDN with no luck but I have faith in you guys Wink | ;-)

Anyway, her's the situation:
We have a Win32 application written in Clarion for Windows. This dev tool produces standard Win32 binary similar to C++. The Clarion Compiler is actually a C++ compiler as well as compiling Clarion code so the result is the same
We allso have a large .NET library we want to utilize in this Clarion software. But since Clarion is not .NET compatible or is able to compile managed code, I had to figure out what to do. The answer was quiet simple actually. C++/CLI was what I was looking for. I then created a small C++ DLL that wrapped my .NET library. This works perfectly and everyone is smiling......until we installed the software on our Windows 2003 Terminal server..... DANG!! Error 0XC0000005!! The Error shows at loading time, before any code is started at all. And of colurse, both FW4 and VC100 is installed...

I have searched the web for hours and hours looking for a solution. Nothing

My postings on local forums and MSDN all results in answers like
"You have a bug"
"Run the debugger and check where it stops"
etc. etc.
Noone seems to care of my initial posting that clearly tells that the error shows at startup/loading of the DLL.

I actually gave up this and changed my .NET application into an EXE file, calling it from Clarion and passing parameters to reach stuff. A silly and lousy workaround, but at least, the program does what it is supposed to do. But I thought, what the heck... I'l give CodeProject a go. Maybe someone here have seen this some time...

-----------------------------
Speaking nordic language?
Why not visiting irc.c-c.no and join #C# or #VisualBasic
-----------------------------

Richard MacCutchan10-Mar-11 22:48

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

10-Mar-11 22:48

Member 3712080 wrote:
Error 0XC0000005!! The Error shows at loading time, before any code is started at all.

Did you collect any debug information at the time of the error?
Have you got all the correct versions of .NET installed?
Are you sure that the error does not occur within the initialisation code of the DLL?

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

Ole Morten Heien10-Mar-11 22:55

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

10-Mar-11 22:55

Since no code are started at the error time, no debug information is fetched. Allso, As I said, the program using this DLL is created in Clarion. Not possible to debug anything from there unless you refere to dissassembly, wich I have no idea of how to do and read.

All correct versions of .NET Installed??? What do you mean? I have installed FW4. Isnt that enough? Must I allso install the previous frameworks? I thought the different editions was replasing each other...

The DLL has no initialization code.
The DLL has only two API's defined as Export that lets me call into the DLL from my Clarion program. This means that nothing is run in the DLL until I call the API. And since the error shows at startup of my main EXE, wich DONT call the API's at all until tyhe user have logged into the program. The error shows at loading time, not runtime. Therfore I assumes that something is missing.

Allso, when running this in Windows 7 and Windows 2008 there are absolutly no problems at all so the "missing parts" in other OS versions is related to differences between Win7/2008 and WinXP/2003

-----------------------------
Speaking nordic language?
Why not visiting irc.c-c.no and join #C# or #VisualBasic
-----------------------------

Richard MacCutchan10-Mar-11 23:46

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

10-Mar-11 23:46

Member 3712080 wrote:
Since no code are started at the error time, no debug information is fetched.

I am now even more confused; if no code is started how can you get an error?

Member 3712080 wrote:
so the "missing parts" in other OS versions is related to differences between Win7/2008 and WinXP/2003

OK, so you need to check whether your program is using some feature that is not supported in either of these versions.

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

Ole Morten Heien11-Mar-11 0:13

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

11-Mar-11 0:13

Well, when you start an EXE file, the OS runs lots of programs. It prepares the memory, it loads libraries, static data is initialized and of course, there wil be checking of resource existence. Much can go wrong here and yet, the code in the compiled program has not started. Is that so strange?

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Ole Morten Heien
HD Software / Advisor AS
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Richard MacCutchan11-Mar-11 0:19

Re: Problems using managed C++ DLL's on WinXP and Win2003

11-Mar-11 0:19

Member 3712080 wrote:
and yet, the code in the compiled program has not started.

How can you be sure of this, you have not explained where your error occurs.

I must get a clever new signature for 2011.

Ole Morten Heien11-Mar-11 0:37