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Unionize the struct pointers .. they are all pointers to different types
typedef union {
void* void_ptr;
struct mySmallStruct1_s* SmallStruct1_ptr;
struct mySmallStruct2_s* SmallStruct2_ptr;
struct mySmallStruct3_s* SmallStruct3_ptr;
} smallstruct_ptr;
struct mySmallStruct1_s {
smallstruct_ptr ptrToNextElement;
int myArray[1];
};
struct mySmallStruct2_s {
smallstruct_ptr ptrToNextElement;
int myArray[2];
};
struct mySmallStruct3_s {
smallstruct_ptr ptrToNextElement;
int myArray[3];
};
struct myBigStruct_s {
struct mySmallStruct1_s mySmallStruct1;
struct mySmallStruct2_s mySmallStruct2;
struct mySmallStruct3_s mySmallStruct3;
};
struct myBigStruct_s myBigStruct = {
{ .ptrToNextElement.SmallStruct2_ptr = &myBigStruct.mySmallStruct2, .myArray[0] = 0 },
{ .ptrToNextElement.SmallStruct3_ptr = &myBigStruct.mySmallStruct3, .myArray[0] = 0, .myArray[1] = 0 },
{ .ptrToNextElement.void_ptr = 0,.myArray[0] = 0,.myArray[1] = 0, .myArray[2] = 0 }
};
struct myBigStruct_s myBigStruct1 = {
{ .ptrToNextElement.SmallStruct2_ptr = &myBigStruct1.mySmallStruct2,.myArray[0] = 1 },
{ .ptrToNextElement.SmallStruct3_ptr = &myBigStruct1.mySmallStruct3,.myArray[0] = 1,.myArray[1] = 2 },
{ .ptrToNextElement.void_ptr = 0, .myArray[0] = 1,.myArray[1] = 2,.myArray[2] = 3 }
};
In vino veritas
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I have a problem with redirect console app output and input. The problem is that any example I found does not work for me. I want to develop WPF GUI for a console app. This is the example code to redirect output:
ProcessStartInfo start = new ProcessStartInfo();<br />
start.FileName = "C:\\myapp.exe";
start.UseShellExecute = false;<br />
start.RedirectStandardOutput = true;<br />
using (Process process = Process.Start(start))<br />
{<br />
using (StreamReader reader = process.StandardOutput)<br />
{<br />
string result = reader.ReadToEnd();<br />
Console.Write(result);<br />
}<br />
}
So I did some reverse engineering on the console app and I found that this app is compiled using Microsoft Visual C 6.0. The app uses WriteFile to output to the console and first argument passed to the function equals 7.
I wrote the example code:
#include "stdafx.h"<br />
#include <windows.h><br />
<br />
int main()<br />
{<br />
AllocConsole();<br />
HANDLE hStdout;<br />
HANDLE hStdout2 = (HANDLE)0x00000007;<br />
char s[] = "Hello world !\r\n";<br />
char s2[] = "Hello world !CONOUT\r\n";<br />
char s3[] = "test\r\n";<br />
DWORD dwBytesWritten;<br />
<br />
HANDLE hScreenBuffer = CreateFileA("CONOUT$", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);<br />
<br />
hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
WriteFile(hStdout2, s3, (DWORD)strlen(s3), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
WriteFile((HANDLE)0x00000007, s3, (DWORD)strlen(s3), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
WriteFile(hStdout, s, (DWORD)strlen(s), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
WriteFile(hScreenBuffer, s2, (DWORD)strlen(s2), &dwBytesWritten, NULL);
<br />
FreeConsole();<br />
<br />
return 0;<br />
}
I do not understand why this: WriteFile(hStdout, s, (DWORD)strlen(s), &dwBytesWritten, NULL); (hStdout equals 7 checked by debuger) is redirected using my above example code or TestCON.exe > test.txt but this WriteFile((HANDLE)0x00000007, s3, (DWORD)strlen(s3), &dwBytesWritten, NULL); is printed always on the console.
Any suggestions how can I redirect any output to my GUI app?
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It's in just about every AllocConsole example on the net
AllocConsole();
freopen("CONIN$", "r", stdin);
freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stderr);
setbuf(stdout, NULL);
You may want to use the new freopen_s etc calls to avoid the warning.
CONIN$ and CONOUT$ are the console input and outputs associated to your program as distinct from the standard handles.
You may also care to read about console handles versus standard handles
Console Handles - Windows Console | Microsoft Docs[^]
That will give you the more modern way to do it via SetStdHandle and you should understand it now.
In vino veritas
modified 19-Feb-18 2:19am.
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The problem is that I have only binary version console app that writes directly to the console.
Can you show me more completed code because maybe I miss something?
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That isn't a problem you have redirected the standard file handle to the windows console created.
Try to read the console handles document and understand what is happening.
Visual studio does exactly that it executes a windows binary file and redirects the output to the console plane that is in visual studio.
Your binary file will use standard input/output and it's been redirected up to your console window.
You can also directly redirect spawned child applications
Creating a Child Process with Redirected Input and Output (Windows)[^]
That is if you want to do something like shellexecute a program and grab the output.
In vino veritas
modified 19-Feb-18 3:24am.
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It executes IPConfig and executes command.com to display a directory all redirected up to the windows console.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
FILE* OutStream;
FILE* InStream;
FILE* ErrStream;
LRESULT CALLBACK GUIDemoHandler (HWND Wnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (Msg) {
case WM_CREATE:
AllocConsole();
freopen_s(&InStream, "CONIN$", "r", stdin);
freopen_s(&OutStream, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
freopen_s(&ErrStream, "CONOUT$", "w", stderr);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
FreeConsole();
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default: return DefWindowProc(Wnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);
};
return 0;
}
int SystemCapture(
TCHAR* CmdLine,
TCHAR* CmdRunDir,
uint32_t& RetCode)
{
int Success;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security_attributes;
HANDLE stdout_rd = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE stdout_wr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info = { 0 };
STARTUPINFO startup_info = { 0 };
thread stdout_thread;
security_attributes.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
security_attributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
security_attributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
if (!CreatePipe(&stdout_rd, &stdout_wr, &security_attributes, 0) ||
!SetHandleInformation(stdout_rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0)) {
return -1;
}
startup_info.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
startup_info.hStdInput = 0;
startup_info.hStdOutput = stdout_wr;
startup_info.hStdError = 0;
if (stdout_rd)
startup_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
Success = CreateProcess(
nullptr,
CmdLine,
nullptr,
nullptr,
TRUE,
0,
nullptr,
CmdRunDir,
&startup_info,
&process_info
);
CloseHandle(stdout_wr);
if (!Success) {
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
return -4;
}
else {
CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
}
if (stdout_rd) {
stdout_thread = thread([&]() {
DWORD n;
for (;;) {
const size_t bufsize = 256;
char buffer[bufsize];
n = 0;
int Success = ReadFile(
stdout_rd,
buffer,
(DWORD)bufsize-1,
&n,
nullptr
);
if (!Success || n == 0)
break;
buffer[n] = '\0';
printf(&buffer[0]);
}
});
}
WaitForSingleObject(process_info.hProcess, INFINITE);
if (!GetExitCodeProcess(process_info.hProcess, (DWORD*)&RetCode))
RetCode = -1;
CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess);
if (stdout_thread.joinable())
stdout_thread.join();
CloseHandle(stdout_rd);
return 0;
}
const TCHAR* ClassName = _T("GUI_CONSOLE_APP");
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){
MSG Msg;
HWND Wnd;
WNDCLASSEX WndClass = { 0 };
WndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
WndClass.style = CS_OWNDC;
WndClass.lpfnWndProc = &GUIDemoHandler;
WndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
WndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
WndClass.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
WndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
RegisterClassEx(&WndClass);
Wnd = CreateWindowEx(0, ClassName, _T("GUI Console Demo Program"),
WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
50, 50, 500, 400,
0, 0, 0, NULL);
_tprintf(_T("This will go to the console\r\n"));
std::cout << "Second line to console\r\n" << std::endl;
std::cout << "Execute IPConfig and display result:" << std::endl;
int rc;
uint32_t RetCode;
TCHAR szCmdLine[256] = _T("C:\\Windows\\System32\\ipconfig.exe");
TCHAR szCmdDir[256] = _T(".");
rc = SystemCapture(
szCmdLine,
szCmdDir,
RetCode
);
std::cout << "\r\nExecute dir and display result:" << std::endl;
TCHAR szCmdLine1[256] = _T("cmd.exe /C dir");
rc = SystemCapture(
szCmdLine1,
szCmdDir,
RetCode
);
while (GetMessage(&Msg, 0, 0, 0)){
TranslateMessage(&Msg);
DispatchMessage(&Msg);
};
return (0);
}
In vino veritas
modified 19-Feb-18 5:13am.
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Thank you for the example code.
The effect is that output from my console app is redirected when this app quits, but not when this app is running.
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Your statement is also somewhat nonsensical in that when my sample app quits it destroys the console you wouldn't see it (see WM_DESTROY).
So I can only assume you mean your app you are running wont display until it exits????
So are you wanting live output keeping the app alive ???
You will have to spawn the thread before the call at the moment the program is
CreateProcess
Process output
That is the app must complete it's setup to deal with normal DOS like command files.
If it doesn't complete then the app will still be on the screen so why do you want it redirected to the console?????
In vino veritas
modified 19-Feb-18 12:30pm.
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It should spit the console even if the command doesn't terminate, which I still find strange.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
FILE* OutStream;
FILE* InStream;
FILE* ErrStream;
struct execData {
TCHAR* CmdLine;
TCHAR* CmdRunDir;
PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
STARTUPINFO startup_info;
};
struct execData data = { 0 };
LRESULT CALLBACK GUIDemoHandler (HWND Wnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
switch (Msg) {
case WM_CREATE:
AllocConsole();
freopen_s(&InStream, "CONIN$", "r", stdin);
freopen_s(&OutStream, "CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
freopen_s(&ErrStream, "CONOUT$", "w", stderr);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
if (data.process_info.hProcess) TerminateProcess(data.process_info.hProcess, 0);
FreeConsole();
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default: return DefWindowProc(Wnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);
};
return 0;
}
DWORD WINAPI ExecThreadFunction(LPVOID lpParam)
{
int Success;
struct execData* data = (struct execData*)lpParam;
Success = CreateProcess(
nullptr,
data->CmdLine,
nullptr,
nullptr,
TRUE,
0,
nullptr,
data->CmdRunDir,
&data->startup_info,
&data->process_info
);
if (!Success) {
CloseHandle(data->process_info.hProcess);
CloseHandle(data->process_info.hThread);
return -4;
}
else {
CloseHandle(data->process_info.hThread);
}
WaitForSingleObject(data->process_info.hProcess, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(data->process_info.hProcess);
data->process_info.hProcess = 0;
return (0);
}
int SystemCapture(
TCHAR* CmdLine,
TCHAR* CmdRunDir)
{
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security_attributes;
data.CmdLine = CmdLine;
data.CmdRunDir = CmdRunDir;
security_attributes.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
security_attributes.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
security_attributes.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
data.startup_info.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
data.startup_info.hStdInput = 0;
data.startup_info.hStdOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
data.startup_info.hStdError = 0;
data.startup_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
CreateThread(NULL, 0, ExecThreadFunction, (LPVOID)&data, 0, NULL);
return 0;
}
const TCHAR* ClassName = _T("GUI_CONSOLE_APP");
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){
MSG Msg;
HWND Wnd;
WNDCLASSEX WndClass = { 0 };
WndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
WndClass.style = CS_OWNDC;
WndClass.lpfnWndProc = &GUIDemoHandler;
WndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
WndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
WndClass.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
WndClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
WndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
WndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
WndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
WndClass.lpszClassName = ClassName;
RegisterClassEx(&WndClass);
Wnd = CreateWindowEx(0, ClassName, _T("GUI Console Demo Program"),
WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
50, 50, 500, 400,
0, 0, 0, NULL);
_tprintf(_T("This will go to the console\r\n"));
std::cout << "Second line to console\r\n" << std::endl;
int rc;
TCHAR szCmdDir[256] = _T(".");
std::cout << "\r\nExecute console app:" << std::endl;
TCHAR szCmdLine1[256] = _T("ConsoleApp.exe");
rc = SystemCapture(
szCmdLine1,
szCmdDir
);
while (GetMessage(&Msg, 0, 0, 0)){
TranslateMessage(&Msg);
DispatchMessage(&Msg);
};
return (0);
}
I made a strange console app that just spins the cursor to test it worked which was called ConsoleApp.exe hence my name above
static const char Spin[4] = { '|', '/', '-', '\\' };
int main()
{
int i = 0;
while (1) {
printf("Deadloop %c\r", Spin[i]);
for (long j = 0; j < 10000000; j++) {};
i++;
i %= 4;
}
return 0;
}
In vino veritas
modified 19-Feb-18 13:37pm.
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I am checking it using test app with WriteFile function and it works. But I will check it using target app tomorrow because it needs some hardware to work.
Thanks
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This code is working.
Now I will try to analyze outputs and build GUI.
I am not sure if can I use the code in C# WPF application. If not I will try to build GUI using Win API starting from your examples. Thank you.
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It's a simple background worker thread it will work without issue in a C# WPF application.
How to: Use a Background Worker[^]
Inside the worker thread you want a standard command execute
static void runCommand() {
Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
process.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c yourfile.exe";
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += new DataReceivedEventHandler(OutputHandler);
process.ErrorDataReceived += new DataReceivedEventHandler(OutputHandler);
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.BeginErrorReadLine();
process.WaitForExit();
}
static void OutputHandler(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine) {
Console.WriteLine(outLine.Data);
}
In vino veritas
modified 20-Feb-18 2:21am.
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I do simple test and problem is the same as before. Only when console app quits OutputHandler is executed and then I can read every line by line that app prints during running. Furthermore, it seems that StandardInput is not redirected because click on the button does not quit the app. App quits when 'e' key is pressed in the console window.
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
Process process = new Process();
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
runCommand();
}
private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
textBox.Text += "test\r\n";
process.StandardInput.Write('e');
}
void runCommand()
{
process.StartInfo.FileName = "c:\\ConsoleApp.exe";
process.StartInfo.Arguments = ".";
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += new DataReceivedEventHandler(OutputHandler);
process.ErrorDataReceived += new DataReceivedEventHandler(OutputHandler);
process.Start();
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.BeginErrorReadLine();
}
void OutputHandler(object sendingProcess, DataReceivedEventArgs outLine)
{
Console.WriteLine(outLine);
}
}
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Yes because you didn't put it in a worker thread
You need runCommand() to be in a worker thread .. it has to execute in the background so you can keep the WPF framework running in the foreground.
Look back at the windows code I had to do the same thing the CreateProcess(...) is inside a function which is spawned into it's own thread via CreateThread.
Unfortunately I don't use C# enough to know the code for making a worker thread off the top of my head.
I actually don't have the WPF framework installed on my VisualStudio at the moment to work it out.
Basically however we can describe it
1.) everything in runCommand() needs to go inside the worker thread start function .. when the thread starts it runs the app
2.) When the app finishes or your WPF app finishes you need to close the worker thread (LOOK at WM_DESTROY on the windows code)
So basically this worker thread will be chugging along in the background running the app but your program comes back to you to continue on to run the WPF framework.
So you job is to work out how to make a WPF worker thread and incorporate the code
In vino veritas
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If you want a total guess looking at the MSDN reference and your code but ignoring the exit problem 
using System.Threading;
new Thread(() =>
{
Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground = true;
runCommand();
}).Start();
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Running runCommand() from new Thread didn't help. I can read all outputs after console app quits.
It is harder to build GUI using WinAPI than using WPF but WinAPI code works.
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OK, I know what you mean
For me, it is easier to use WPF because I am embedded system engineer.
I am from embedded world and I do not know Windows internals.
That is why I am asking a lot of (stupid) questions. After reading several articles I supposed that redirect output and develop GUI app should be easier
Now I know that my strange console app does not use standard printf function 
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The obvious question is can you not simply replace the program communicating with a proper windows code or is it a private format they won't disclose. Just saying it would be faster, cleaner and less code than what you are doing now
In vino veritas
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Yes, it is a private closed format.
Another way to communicate with the console app is passing command line arguments:
MyApp.exe -Iinput.txt -Ooutput.txt
where in the input.txt file in each line is a key command (e - exits the program, other keys do some actions):
l
f
m
c
o
e
in the output.txt file, the program saves its output. Even something like this works:
MyApp.exe -OCON - prints output to console twice.
But problem is the same. If I monitor the output file, the content appears after app quits (e command in input file)
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This smells to me of buffering. I'm guessing your app doesn't call flush() or equivalent on its output file, so the output is buffered until the explicit or implicit close() call at termination.
If you can make your app output lots of data, you will probably see it appear in chunks, which will be whatever buffer size is used.
The reason it works on the console is that console drivers do not buffer.
I have no idea if you can suppress buffering in your redirection, but if you could, my 2c says that would solve your problem.
Good luck!
Peter
Software rusts. Simon Stephenson, ca 1994. So does this signature. me, 2012
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Yes standard console output is always buffered.
You can actually easily remove it
setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
The problem is it will slow the console program down like a dog as each character invokes a full call.
I sometimes do it when I have a embedded target with UART debugger like on the Raspberry Pi.
In vino veritas
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my code is:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct point
{
int x,y;
void getdis()
{
printf("%d",x+y);
}
};
int main()
{
struct point p;
int a=5,b=10;
p.getdis(a,b);
getch();
return 0;
}
problem is:8 2 F:\software\Dev-Cpp\bin\point.c [Error] expected ':', ',', ';', '}' or '__attribute__' before '{' token
I cannot understand what to write before the getdis function to avoid this error
suman chandra modak
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void getdis()
...
p.getdis(a,b);
These two do not match. Hint: they should.
"One man's wage rise is another man's price increase." - Harold Wilson
"Fireproof doesn't mean the fire will never come. It means when the fire comes that you will be able to withstand it." - Michael Simmons
"You can easily judge the character of a man by how he treats those who can do nothing for him." - James D. Miles
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methods are a C++ feature you can only mimic in C, suing function pointers and the like. For instance
#include<stdio.h>
struct point
{
int x,y;
void (*pfun)(struct point *pp);
};
void getdis(struct point *pp)
{
printf("%d\n", (pp->x + pp->y));
}
int main()
{
struct point p;
p.x = 5; p.y = 10;
p.pfun = getdis;
p.pfun(&p);
getchar();
return 0;
}
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